Chpt 5 The Digestive System And Enzymes

Question 1

What is digestion?

Answer 1

Its the breakdown of large, insoluble food molecules into small, soluble food molecules.

Question 2

What are the two types of digestion?

Answer 2

Physical and chemical digestion

Question 3

Explain physical digestion

Answer 3

Where food is broken down by teeth and the churning action of the muscles in the digestive system.

Question 4

Explain chemical digestion

Answer 4

Where food is broken down by enzymes

Question 5

What are enzymes and what are their functions?

Answer 5

Biological catalysts and they speed up the chemical reactions in cells.

Question 6

What is a catalyst?

Answer 6

A chemical used to change the speed of a reaction without being used up in the reaction

Question 7

What is an example of an enzyme?

Answer 7

Amylase

Question 8

Where is amylase found?

Answer 8

In saliva in the mouth and small intestine

Question 9

What does amylase do?

Answer 9

Breaks starch down into maltose

Question 10

What is the substrate?

Answer 10

The substance on which an enzyme works on

Question 11

What is the product?

Answer 11

The substance formed as a result of the reaction

Question 12

What is the chemical formula for amylase acting on starch?

Answer 12

Starch + amylase -> maltose + amylase

Substrate) + (enzyme) -> (product) + (enzyme unchanged

Question 13

Look at page 28 for experiment

Answer 13

On amylase

Question 14

What are the stages in human nutrition (feeding)?

Answer 14

1) eating- food into mouth
2) digestion - food broken down into smaller, soluble food molecules
3) absorption - food taken into bloodstream and carried to cells where its used
4) getting rid of undigested wastes like faeces

Question 15

List the parts of the digestive system from top to bottom?

Answer 15

• mouth (L)
• salivary gland (R)
• oesophagus (L)
• liver (L)
• stomach (R)
• pancreas (R)
• large intestine (L)
• small intestine (R)
• appendix (L)
• rectum (L)
• anus (MIDDLE)

Question 16

Explain the mouth

Answer 16

Its where digestion begins.

• The amylase begins to break down the starch in food to maltose sugar
• the teeth break the food into smaller pieces

Question 17

Explain the salivary gland

Answer 17

Produces saliva containing enzymes

Question 18

Explain the oesophagus

Answer 18

Its a muscular tube that carries food from mouth to stomach by muscular action (peristalsis)

Question 19

Explain the liver

Answer 19

Produces bile which helps digestion of fats. It sorts and stores some digested food

Question 20

Explain the stomach

Answer 20

its a muscular bag that holds food for 3-4 hours.

• produces enzymes and other digestive juices that chemically digest food
• churns and mixed the food
• hydrochloric acid is produces and it it kills bacteria and other germs

Question 21

Explain the large intestine

Answer 21

It takes water back into the bloodstream leaving solid waste

Question 22

Explain the pancreas

Answer 22

Produces digestive enzymes

Question 23

Explain the appendix

Answer 23

It has no function in humans

Question 24

Explain the small intestine

Answer 24

It produces more juices containing enzymes that are added to help digest the food. Fully digested food is absorbed into the bloodstream. Leftover water and undigested food is pushed into the large intestine.

Question 25

Explain the rectum

Answer 25

Where solid waste is stored

Question 26

What is the order of the digestive system?

Answer 26

1) mouth
2) oesophagus
3) stomach
4) small intestine
5) large intestine

Question 27

How many teeth does an adult human have?

Answer 27

32

Question 28

What are the 4 types of teeth and their functions?

Answer 28

Incisor -cutting and biting
Canine -tearing food
Premolar -crushing and grinding
Molar -crushing and grinding

Question 29

Where does digestion take place?

Answer 29

In the gut

Question 30

Look at page 29 for

Answer 30

Digestive system diagram