chpt 5 and 6 vocabulary handout Flashcards
makes up the bulk of the drill string. the tool joint is larger in diameter (upset) than is the shank of the joint.
Drill pipe
Thick walled joints of drill pipe used to put weight on the bit. The tool joints are of the same diameter (not upset) as the shanks of collars.
Drill collars
The top most joint of drill pipe in the drillstring. It has flattened sides (4 to 6) used to transfer torque from the rotary system.
kelly
the heaviest work on a drilling rig is performed by the
Hoisting system
This is tall enough to pull triples ( a three joint “stand” of drill pipe) and strong enough to bear the weight of the entire drillstring.
Derrick
steel wire rope
drilling line
a large rotating drum that spools in drilling line to raise the load or spools out line to lower the load.
drawworks
mounted in the top of the derrick and the traveling block connected to it by the drilling string
crown block
attached to the traveling bock and supports the load
Drilling hook
used with most onshore wells and many offshore wells. the kelly joint, with the rest of the drillstring suspended below it, passes through the kelly bushing attaches to the swivel hanging from the drilling hook. the rotary table spins the kelly bushing whose flat sided hole matches the flat sides of the kelly. this rotates the drillstring and bit.
conventional rotating system
top drive. uses a hydraulic motor integrated into the swivel to transmit the rotary power. Have the advantages of permitting circulation and rotation while pulling out of the hole and adding a full stand pipe (3 joints) rather than only one joint at a time as the hole deepens.
Power swivel
used for directional drilling. the motor is mounted directly above the bit and is powered by the drilling mud. it turns the bit without the rotation of the drillstring.
down-hole mud motor
these are attached to the hooks are used to lift the pipe string. they wrap around the pipe below the tool joint and latch, then lift against the upset shoulder.
elevators
are used to hang the string from the rig floor. they wrap around the pipe, wedging it against a recess in the floor. when the string is picked up, the slips come free and can be removed.
slips
used to make-up and break-out the pipe joints.
tongs
in the derrick has protruding fingers that hold stacked stands of pipe in place.
fingerboard
a hole in the rig floor where the kelly and swivel are stored when they are not in use.
rat-hole
a hole in the rig floor where a joint of pipe is placed prior to being added to the string.
mouse-hole
a device to multiply the lifting capacity of the drilling line
block and tackle
?
drill block
any substance that flows and yields to any force tending to change its shape.
fluids
liquids and gases are
fluids
the density measure used for petroleum liquids. expressed in degrees.
API (American Petroleum Instituted) Gravity
The higher the API gravity the
lighter the liquid
the minimum saturations of oil, water, or gas in the reservoir that cause the fluid to be a continuous medium, and therefore producible.
critical saturations
defined as hydrocarbons that are in a gaseous state at standard conditions of 1atm (14psi) and 60degF.
petroleum gases
methane, ethane, propane, and butane
petroleum gases
gas that is in solution in the oil under the initial reservoir pressure and temperature. under these conditions, the gas is in the liquid stage.
Solution gas
The percent or fraction of the reservoirs original oil in place (OOIP) or original gas in place (OGIP) that will be recovered.
recovery factor
is from solely reservoirs where no “black”(non-condensate) oil is present
Non- associated gas
includes solution gas and gascap gas. these two only occur in
Associated gas
is free gas trapped in the top of the structure above the oil leg. when there is a ____ _____ the reservoir is at bubble point pressure.
Gas Cap
ratio of gas to oil produced or in solution in the reservoir.
Gas Oil ratio (GOR)
Beta is the factor for the volume change undergone by the reservoir fluids when they are produced.
Formation volume factor (B)
A fluids resistance to flow. the thicker and stickier the fluid , the higher its _____. measured in centipoise
Viscosity (u)
a light hydrocarbon liquid formed by condensation of petroleum compounds that were in the gaseous phase under initial reservoir conditions. it is highly volatile and from clear to a light yellow color
condensate
when a reservoir is above its ___ ____ ____ , it has no free gas- all gas is in solution in the oil. as the reservoir is produce and pressure declines, the ___ ___ ___ is reached. gas comes of solution , forming a free gas saturation
bubble point pressure
or improved recover is used to refer to all the artificial drive mechanisms such as water-flood, CO2 flood, steam injection, etc.
Enhance recovery
don’t add energy. producing the reservoir using only the natural reservoir energy.
primary recovery
the initiation of additional recovery processes like water-flooding immediately without waiting for primary depletion.
pressure maintenance
a process that adds energy to the reservoir following primary recovery. An example is water-flooding a depleted field. pumping salt water
Secondary recovery
follows secondary recovery. for example CO2 flooding could follow water-flooding, which had followed primary recovery
Tertiary recovery
