Chapter 6 Vocabulary Drilling Flashcards
making a hole by reciprocating a heavy, chisel-shaped bit suspended on a hemp or steel line.
Spudding
In use today, avoids oil and gas from blowing out by keeping the hole full of heavy mud that holds back reservoir fluids
Rotary Drilling System
the only useful work done by a drilling rig takes place at
the bottom of the hole where the bit drills the rock
everything on a rig simply support the
bit (it operates in extremely dirty and hot environments and subject to enormous pressure.)
Most commonly used bits has three roller cones
Tricone roller bits
Uses very hard polycrystalline diamond wafers on the face of protruding bronze bases. drill with shearing action, effective on soft formations.
PDC bits
Bits that have no moving parts
Drag bits
a tube of steel pipe extending from the surface down to the bit. 1. transmits rotational energy from surface to the bit 2. conduct the mud stream from the surface to the bit. 3. put weight on the bit to maximize penetration rate.
Drill String
This is made up of 30-foot joints of steel pipe screwed together
Drill string
specialize couplings , have coarse, tapered threads designed to withstand repeated break-outs and make-ups.
Tool joints
break-outs
unscrewing
make-ups
screwing together
Three different pipe configurations
- Drill pipe 2. Drill Collars 3. kelly
makes up the bulk of the string. The tool joint is larger in diameter (upset) than is the shank of the joint
Drill Pipe
Thick walled joints of drill pipe used to put weight on the bit. The tool joints are the same diameter (not upset) as the shanks of collars.
Drill Collars
the topmost joint of drillpipe in the drillstring. It has flattened sides (four-six) used to transfer torque from the rotary system.
kelly
heaviest work on a drilling rig is performed by_____ as it runs the drillstring in and out of the hole.
Hoisting system
components of the Hoisting system
- derrick
- drilling line
- drawworks
- crown block
- drilling hook
tall enough to pull triples ( a three-joint “stand” of drillpipe) and strong enough to bear the weight of the entire drillstring.
derrick
steel wire rope
drilling line
a large rotating drum that spools in drilling line to raise the load or spools out line to lower the load.
drawworks
mounted in the top of the derrick and the traveling block connected by the drilling line
crown block
attached to the traveling block and supports the load
drilling hook
Rotating systems used to rotate the drillbit
- conventional rotating system
- power swivel
- down-hole mud motor
the rotary table spins the kelly bushing, whose flat-sided hole matches the flat sides of the kelly. this rotates the drillstring and bit.
conventional rotating system
relatively new. uses hydraulic motor integrated into the swivel to transmit rotary power. this replaces the kelly, kelly bushing and rotary table.
power swivel
used for directional drilling. it turns the bit without rotation of the drillstring.
down-hole mud motor
drilling fluids
mud
most common used mud
saltwater with additives
mud engineers
monitor the mud’s characteristics
pipe handling
- elevators
- Slips
- Tongs
- fingerboard
- rathole
- mousehole
attached to the hook are used to lift the pipe string
elevators
used to hang the string from the rig floor
slips
used to make-up and break-up the pipe joints
tongs
in the derrick has protruding fingers that hold stacked stands on pipe in place.
fingerboard
a hole in the rig floor where the kelly and swivel are stored when not in use
rathole
a hole in the rig floor where a joint of pipe is place prior to being added to the string
mousehole
The source of power for the entire rig.
prime mover
most of the rig’s time is occupied by _______ also called “turning to the right” or “making the hole”
Drilling Ahead
- Drilling ahead
- Making a connection
- Round tripping
- Automated rigs
Routine Drilling Procedures
attaching a new joint
making a connection
When you come out of the hole with the drillstring to change the bit, add drill collars, etc.
Round tripping
Rigs using robots
automated rigs
prevents hole from collapsing
surface casing
normally a few hundred feet deep. Large diameter casing is run to the bottom, cement slurry pumped down and up the “backside” annular space between the casing and the hole
surface casing
A safety valve at the top of the hole just underneath the rig floor. when activated it closes and seals off the well.
Blow out Preventer (BOP)
the most common cause of stuck pipe.
differential sticking
Mounted directly above the bit, powered by the drilling mud. used for directional drilling
down-hole mud motor
drill pipe failures
twist-offs
to fish pipe out of the hole
fishing operations
Jackknife rigs
Helicopter rigs
Land rigs
used to drill most land wells. Rig is broken down and moved by truck.
Jackknife rigs
In remote areas where there is no road, this is needed to sling-lift them onto location
Helicopter rigs
Barge mounted rigs Jackup rigs tender-supported rigs semi-submersible rigs Drill ships Permanent platform rigs
Offshore rigs
