Chpt 4 - Limitations Flashcards
If the aircraft is not pointed into the wind ±__° (i.e., wind is from 045° to 315°) and wind is greater than __ but less than __ knots, the limitation is ___ HP max until indicated speed is greater than __ knots.
45 15 35 2,500 35
Total internal and external
85,730
Extended over-water operations with mixed cargo/passenger loads are restricted to a maximum of __ occupants per unobstructed overhead exit.
35
Max landing recommended weight
142,000
Normal Utility/Booster system pressure
2,900 to 3,200 psi
APU normal RPM
98-105%
Differential Pressure Limits
Outflow valve differential control
Safety valve
Negative pressure relief
Negative pressure limit
14.3° ±0.2° in. Hg
15.0° ±0.3° in. Hg (do not exceed 16.0 in. Hg)
-0.76 in. Hg
Do not exceed -1.6 in. Hg
To ensure sufficient liferaft capacity, no more than __ persons, including crewmembers, should be carried on extended over-water flights that operate more than __ nautical miles from the nearest shore line.
80
50
Limitations apply to maneuvers beyond __° angle of bank with flaps retracted or beyond __° angle of bank with flaps extended.
60
45
APU start light to on speed
35 seconds
Cabin Differential Pressure
Max
Min
- 2 in Hg
- 1.6 in Hg
Altimeters at 30,000 feet
Maximum difference between pilot, copilot and standby altimeters is 265 feet.
Altimeters at 10,000 feet
Maximum difference between pilot, copilot and standby altimeters is 120 feet.
1&4 tank limits
8310
APU bleed air px
40-50 psi
Secondary fuel management
This will occur any time there is ___ in the external and/or auxiliary tanks and the main tanks are partly filled to less than ___ pounds or when the ___ to ___ -pound difference between each inboard and outboard main tank does not exist
Usable fuel
26,940
500 to 1000
Trim Tab Limits
Aileron
Rudder
Elevator
Left/right wing down 20° ±5°
Nose left/right 25° ±5°
Nose up 22° to 28° and Nose down 5° to 8°
Max landing alternate weight
175,000
Positioning a power lever below the FLT IDLE position while airborne is prohibited. This can result in ______. Loss of the aircraft can occur.
extreme propeller overspeed with damage to components, loss of electrical generators, and high drag levels
APU maximum RPM
110%
The maximum weight for a single platform is ___ pounds. Multiple platforms with a combined weight exceeding ___ pounds may be dropped under the condition that before the ___ pound weight is extracted, the aircraft should be stabilized in __ g flight.
42,000
42,000
42,000
1.0
An air start can be conducted with or without the use of the starter below ___ feet. The JP-4 fuel maximum air start limit is ___ feet.
25,000
22,500
Cabin altimeter (zero differential at field elevation)
±500 feet of actual field pressure altitude
Oxygen Regulator Pressure Check
Continuous Breathing
No Flow
270 to 340 psi
270 to 455 psi
The cabin differential pressure should be kept below __ in. Hg while operating in the manual mode to avoid operating on safety valve relief.
14.3
Oil quantity white digital readout
4 to 14.1 gallons
Altimeters
Static reading at field elevation
±50 feet of field elevation
If bleed air is available from another operating engine, a starter assisted air start can be accomplished at any airspeed less than approximately ___ (NG below __ percent). If bleed air is not available or if the engine starter is not functional, maintain NG between __ and __ percent. If the propeller is windmilling at 100 percent NP, NG will stabilize at __ percent at speeds as low as ___ to ___ KIAS. If the propeller is feathered, speed as high as ___ to ___ KIAS may be required to achieve the required __ percent NG.
250 KIAS (NG below 29%) 15 and 29% 15% 110 to 130 KIAS 200 to 250 KIAS 15 %
Operation in the areas between recommended speed limits and maximum speed limits is permissible for initiating penetrations from ___ feet at ___ KIAS provided the corresponding maneuver load factors are not exceeded.
20,000 feet at 250 KIAS
To avoid the possibility of aircraft structural damage, do not exceed __ in. Hg.
16
APU generator load
0-100
Rudder Boost Pressure
Flaps 15-100%
Flaps 0-15%
2,900 to 3,200 psi
1,100 to 1,390 psi
If severe turbulence cannot be avoided, flight should be in the range of ___ KIAS above ___ speed for the operating gross weight, not to exceed ___ KIAS.
65
power off stall
180
Minimum for one brake application with emergency brakes is ___ psi.
2,900 psi
Engine starts are prohibited when oil temp is __C or below
-40
Taxi & takeoff max normal weight
164,000
When is a feather command counted?
each time the FIRE handle is pulled or the PROPELLER CONTROL switch is placed to FEATHER.
Taxi & takeoff max alternate weight
175,000
Normal Aux system pressure
2,760 to 3,200 psi
Avoid stabilized operation between ____ and ____ % propeller rpm (turbine shaft and propeller critical speed range)
52-68
76-85
Main tank limit with AR pods
1&4:
1&4(6.5.3):
Main tanks total:
(6.5.3):
7320
8310
28,000
19,600
When is a static prop feathering cycle counted?
A cycle is counted each time the aux feather pump is used to drive the propeller from feather to reverse to feather.
Turning with the brakes ___ is prohibited.
locked on one side (pivoting)
Total main tanks
31,920
External tank limit
8,900
When oil temp is in normal range and sustained power section oil px equals or exceeds ___psi, perform engine shutdown. Engine main’t req.
90 psi
Define marginal strength airfields
Marginal strength airfields are temporary airfields which include minimally surfaced and unsurfaced runways such as dirt, grass, gravel, coral, etc.
If the propeller is windmilling (greater than one half revolution per second) with oil supplied (FIRE handle in) the engine should be started before __ minutes and the engine operated at flight idle for at least __ minutes to scavenge the oil sumps.
5
5
To avoid fuel freezing, fuel temperature should not be lower than __ °F (__ °C) above the freeze point defined in the Fuel Reference Chart.
6 F (3.3 C)
Vertical functions
IAS hold
VS hold
ALT hold
ALT SEL
±3 KIAS
±70 fpm at 1,000 fpm
±40 feet of initial altitude
±40 feet with ±75 foot overshoot at 1,000 fpm
Aux tank limit
5810
Main tanks limit without AR pods
1&4:
1&4(6.5-3):
Main tanks total:
(6.5-3):
8160
8310
31,330
29,500
Prohibited Maneuvers
- Aerobatics and spins.
- Practice stalls with power above 1,000 HP.
- Practice asymmetric power stalls.
- Intentional zero or negative G maneuvers lasting longer than 7 seconds.
- Sustained airspeed below stick pusher speed.
- Intentionally maneuvering the aircraft into a side slip for a LEFT/RIGHT RUDDER alert.
- Abrupt longitudinal control inputs at high speeds (faster than 1.0 g per second load factor increase or decrease).
- Rapid roll reversals (roll rate shall be zero momentarily before applying full aileron in the opposite direction).
- At airspeeds above 150KIAS, moderate to large rudder input held until sideslip peaks followed by opposite rudder (past neutral) or a series of large alternating rudder inputs tending to produce successively larger sideslip angles.
Engine power is limited to ___ when oil temperature is less than __C and to ____ HP when engine oil temperature is less than ___C during ground ops.
idle
0
1,000
45
If the propeller does not reach or stay in the full feather position and controlling oil pressure is not available, the propeller counterweights will stabilize the blade angle at approximately __°. The propeller will windmill on the counterweights at up to __ percent NP depending on airspeed.
66
40
APU EGT
Normal and Maximum
260-680 C
710 C
APU bleed air px check, 30 to 15 psi
Not less than 22 secs
Transfer pump pressure
28-40 psi
Minimum for one brake application with normal brakes and anti skid OFF is ___ psi.
2,250
TR loadmeters white digital readout
0 to 110 percent
Total internal
43,540
Starting (start sequence, below __% NG) MGT of ___C for a maximum of __ seconds is permitted. If temperature is exceeded, over temp inspection is req.
65
807
2
Recommended Loading Limits
Areas B and C encompass cargo-fuel combinations or gross weights for which the maximum symmetrical maneuver load factor is ___ g.
2.5
Define high strength airfields
High strength airfields are paved runways considered to be either R/rigid (concrete paved) or F/flexible (asphalt paved).
Normal Break Pressure
2,900 to 3,200 psi
Engine and APU starting can be difficult when the temperature is approximately __ °C
-40
HUD/PFD, and standby compass headings
±5°
2&3 tank limit
7650
Recommended Loading Limits
Area A encompasses those cargo-fuel combinations or gross weights for which the maximum symmetrical maneuver load factor is ___ g at speeds up to the highest recommended speed ___
3
Vh
Altimeters at 20,000 feet
Maximum difference between pilot, copilot and standby altimeters is 180 feet.
Fuselage tank
24,390
If oil temp is between __ to __C for >__ minutes or exceeds __C, engine shutdown is recommended and oil over temperature inspection req.
86 to 93
5 mins
93
Windmilling Prop Limit
NG >7% with fire handle IN
20 minutes or pull the fire handle
If oil temp remains in the yellow zone, (__ to __C), red zone indication is initiated after __ minutes if the engine has been shut down. No action is req if the engine is not operating.
86 to 93
5 mins
For alternate gross weights above 164,000 pounds, observe the following taxi limitations:
- Taxi and takeoff are permissible only on smooth surfaces comparable to those of a major airfield, free of dips, depressions, and holes.
- Maximum taxi speed is 10 knots.
- Taxi shortest distance possible.
- Use minimum braking during all taxi operations.
- Use only light braking while turning.
- Limit nose gear steering angle to 20°.
- Avoid abrupt or hard uneven application of brakes.
Prior to start maximum MGT
175C
APU door operation
9-18 seconds
Primary fuel management
The main tanks are ___, except for fuel used for taxi, takeoff, and climb; but not less than ___ pounds in tanks No. 1 and No. 4, and not less than ___ pounds in tanks No. 2 and No. 3 when the external and/or auxiliary tanks contain ___.
Full
7,060
6410
Usable fuel
Autopilot Limitations
- Takeoff and landing.
- At airspeeds above maximum recommended airspeed VH.
- ILS coupled approach below 200 feet HAT (CATI), 100 feet HAT(CATII), below MDA on a non-precision approach, or when flying over the localizer transmitter.
- During IPRA coupled approach below 200 feet HAT.
- At or below 500 feet AGL for non approach operations.
- In RVSM airspace, unless the autopilot, in ALT HOLD mode is able to maintain altitude within ±65 feet of ATC assigned flight level (steady, level flight in non-turbulent conditions) at all times during normal cruise.
- At gross weights above 164,000 lbs for any of the following:
a. Below 1,000 feet AGL.
b. During configuration changes.
c. During approach operations.
Takeoff is permitted with an oil temp of __C
45
Blade angle changes when the engine is not operating should not be accomplished when the oil temp is less than __C
-40
Transient operations up to ___% during transition from flight idle to ground idle is acceptable
112
Pilot and copilot HUD/PFD headings
±2°
Alternate (Cautionary) Loading Limits
For Area D, the maximum symmetrical maneuver load factor is ___ g.
2.25
Primary fuel management
Tanks No. 1 and No. 4 always contain ___ to ___ pounds more fuel per tank than tanks No. 2 and No. 3, except when total usable fuel is less than ____ pounds.
500-1,000
6,000
Max landing normal weight
164,000
If MGT exceeds ___C, over temp inspection is req.
852
Maximum HP for normal operation is limited to ___
4840 HP
Static propeller feathering is limited to ___ cycles before the propeller gearbox must be drained or the engine started.
two
The fuel unbalance limits are:
- ____ pounds between tanks of a symmetrical pair (main or external).
- ____ pounds between the left and right wings except as stated in item 3.
- One auxiliary tank __ and the other auxiliary tank ___, provided all other tanks are symmetrically fueled or unbalanced toward the opposite side within the above limits.
1,000
1,500
full and empty
When comparing the indicated altitude to the elevation of a known check point, the maximum allowable error is ±__ feet for pilot, copilot, and standby altimeters. Since the standby altimeter does not internally compensate for temperature, these tolerances only apply to the standby altimeter if the flight station temperature is between __ °F and __ °F.
50
60 and 85
Since CG shifts with changes in aircraft attitude, if fuel is carried in the fuselage tank, the external tanks should be ___ when the fuselage tank contains less than ___ pounds, or the aircraft is restricted to ___ until external tanks are empty.
empty
20,000
level flight
If oil temp exceeds ___C, shut down the engine. Main’t is required.
93
Normal Emergency Brake Pressure
2,900 to 3,300 psi
Total auxiliary feather pump operation shall not exceed __ seconds.
80
DC Bus Voltages (ESS and MAIN) white digital readout
25 to 30 V
AFCS Limitations
Maximum Bank Angles: Turn knob PILOT/COPILOT ENGAGE Course intercept On course Localizer tracking
Approximately 35° 25° ±3° 25° ±3° 10° 15° ±3°
Windmilling Prop Limit
Prop windmilling at 100% with fire handle IN
5 minutes or pull the fire handle
Maximum continuous EGT is __ °C. If EGT exceeds __ °C for longer than __ seconds, the ACAWS alerts the crew to reduce APU loading.
680
710
3
Boost pump pressure
15-24 psi
The aircraft can be landed at _____fpm sink rate with all fuel tanks full. However, to prevent _______ and ______ where the pylons attach to the wings, landings should be made with minimum usable fuel in the external
tanks.
300
Fatigue cracks and fuel leaks
Hydraulic Accumulator Preload
- Utility System
- Booster System
- Normal Brake
- Emergency Brake
- Aerial Refueling Hydraulic Accumulator
1,500 (±100) psi 1,500 (±100) psi 1,500 (±100) psi 1,000 (±100) psi 1,350 (±50) psi
Engine Generator Loadmeters white digital readout
≤125 percent
With a feathered propeller (less than one half revolutions per second), and no oil supply (FIRE handle pulled), maximum time before an air start is up to __ hours. If the engine can be restarted before these time limits expire, the engine should be operated for a minimum of __ minutes at FLIGHT IDLE to circulate the oil.
6
20
With any flap extension, the maximum maneuver load factor is ___ g in symmetrical maneuvers and ___ g in unsymmetrical maneuvers.
- 0
1. 5
Windmilling Prop Limit
NG <7% with fire handle IN
3 minutes or accelerate to greater than 7% (165 KIAS) or pull the fire handle
Airspeed indicators between pilot and copilot
must agree within ±6 KCAS
APU generator voltage
108-117
Normal Oxygen Quantity
5 to 25 liters
Define substandard airfields
Substandard airfields may be either paved or unpaved, and are those which have unusually rough, undulating, pitted, or rutted runways.
Feathering is limited to __ commands.
4
VV Indicators
at 1,000 fpm
at 2,000 fpm
±200 fpm
±300 fpm
Because of propulsion systems limitations, avoid intentional negative and zero g maneuvers lasting longer than ___ seconds.
7
