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Molecules And Cells > Chpt. 4 & 16 Quiz > Flashcards

Chpt. 4 & 16 Quiz Flashcards

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Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
0
Q

What does a nucleotide consist of?

A

Phosphate group, 5 carbon sugar, nitrogenous base

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1
Q

What are the abbreviated bases In DNA?

A

C, T, G, A

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2
Q

What is the difference between ribose and deoxyribose?

A

Deoxyribose has one less oxygen

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3
Q

What are the abbreviated nitrogenous bases in RNA

A

C,U,G,A

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4
Q

How do nucleotides polymerize?

A

By a condensation reaction between a h part of a 3 end oh group on the ribose and a whole OH group on the phosphate

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5
Q

Is ribose in DNA or RNA?

A

RNA

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6
Q

Is deoxyribose in DNA or RNA?

A

DNA

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7
Q

On the 5 end of DNA and RNA what is unlinked?

A

Phosphate

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8
Q

On the 3 end of DNA or RNA what is unlinked?

A

Hydroxyl

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9
Q

What forms the primary structure of a molecule?

A

The Order of different nitrogenous bases in a molecule

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10
Q

What is antiparallel?

A

Meaning the 2 strands of DNA run opposite to each other one is 3 to 5 and the other is 5 to 3

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11
Q

What is the shape of the DNA?

A

Double helix

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12
Q

In DNA what goes to A?

A

T

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13
Q

In RNA what goes to A?

A

U

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14
Q

In DNA and RNA what goes to C?

A

G

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15
Q

What is common among all organisms discovered to date?

A

DNA carries the information to grow and reproduce

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16
Q

What can cause the double helix to separate?

A

Heating or enzyme-catalyzed reactions

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17
Q

DNA ‘s primary structure consists of what..?

A

Deoxyribonucleotides

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18
Q

DNA is transcribed to what?

A

mRNA (messenger RNA )

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19
Q

mRNA is translated to what?

A

Proteins

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20
Q

DNA to mRNA to…?

A

Protein

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21
Q

What is central dogma?

A

The flow of information from DNA to RNA

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22
Q

Can some RNA s not be coded to make protein?

A

Yes, the can preform other important functions in the cell

23
Q

What is reverse transcription? And when is it found?

A

Reverses information flow by copying RNA into DNA. Some viruses with an RNA genome use this enzyme during their replication

24
Q

Each amino acid is specified by a …?

A

Codon -a group of 3 bases in mRNA

25
Q

By synthesizing RNA s of a known base composition and the observing the results of the translation researchers were able to …?

A

Decipher genetic code

26
Q

How is genetic code redundant?

A

Most of the 20 amino acids are specified by more than one codon

27
Q

Certain codons can…?

A

Signal where translation starts and stops

28
Q

Mutations are

A

Random, heritable changes in DNA that range from changes in a single base to changes in the structure and number of chromosomes

29
Q

What is silent mutation?

A

When the mutation has no effect on the final protein.

30
Q

What is a missense mutation?

A

When a single amino acid is changed in the final protein

31
Q

What is a nonsense mutation?

A

May shorten the protein by codeine for a STOP codon

32
Q

Frameshift mutation?

A

Shifts the reading frame and cause many amino acids to be wrong

33
Q

If an error is made in DNA synthesis or DNA repair it called?

A

Point mutation

34
Q

What is a beneficial mutation?

A

Increase the fitness (ability to survive) of the organism

35
Q

Neutral mutation?

A

Has no effect on fitness ( silent mutations)

36
Q

Deleterious mutations?

A

A mutation that lowers fitness

37
Q

How many codons are there?

A

64

38
Q

How many amino acid groups are there?

A

20

39
Q

What are the beginning and then end codons called?

A

Start and stop codons

40
Q

What does a code is unambiguous mean?

A

A single codon never codes for more than one amino acid

41
Q

Code is non overlapping means…?

A

When the ribosome locks onto the first codon it the reads each separate codon on after another

42
Q

Code is universal

A

All codons specify the same amino acids in all organisms

43
Q

Code is conservative

A

When several specify the same amino acid the first 2 bases In Those a are almost always identical

44
Q

A 3 base code is also known as

A

Triplet code

45
Q

Genes code for proteins but the do so…

A

Indirectly

46
Q

Transcription then…

A

Translation

47
Q

Genotype to…?

A

Phenotype

48
Q

Deff for phenotype

A

Physical traits that are a product of the proteins produced

49
Q

DNA is

A

Information storage

50
Q

RNA is

A

Information carrier

51
Q

Protein is

A

Active cell machinery

52
Q

When transcribing T in DNA to mRNA what does it go to?

A

A

53
Q

When transcribing A in DNA to mRNA what does it go to?

A

U

54
Q

One gene one enzyme?

A

Each gene contains the info required to make one enzyme

Molecules And Cells (4 decks)

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