Chpt. 4 & 16 Quiz

Question 0

What does a nucleotide consist of?

Answer 0

Phosphate group, 5 carbon sugar, nitrogenous base

Question 1

What are the abbreviated bases In DNA?

Answer 1

C, T, G, A

Question 2

What is the difference between ribose and deoxyribose?

Answer 2

Deoxyribose has one less oxygen

Question 3

What are the abbreviated nitrogenous bases in RNA

Answer 3

C,U,G,A

Question 4

How do nucleotides polymerize?

Answer 4

By a condensation reaction between a h part of a 3 end oh group on the ribose and a whole OH group on the phosphate

Question 5

Is ribose in DNA or RNA?

Answer 5

RNA

Question 6

Is deoxyribose in DNA or RNA?

Answer 6

DNA

Question 7

On the 5 end of DNA and RNA what is unlinked?

Answer 7

Phosphate

Question 8

On the 3 end of DNA or RNA what is unlinked?

Answer 8

Hydroxyl

Question 9

What forms the primary structure of a molecule?

Answer 9

The Order of different nitrogenous bases in a molecule

Question 10

What is antiparallel?

Answer 10

Meaning the 2 strands of DNA run opposite to each other one is 3 to 5 and the other is 5 to 3

Question 11

What is the shape of the DNA?

Answer 11

Double helix

Question 12

In DNA what goes to A?

Answer 12

T

Question 13

In RNA what goes to A?

Answer 13

U

Question 14

In DNA and RNA what goes to C?

Answer 14

G

Question 15

What is common among all organisms discovered to date?

Answer 15

DNA carries the information to grow and reproduce

Question 16

What can cause the double helix to separate?

Answer 16

Heating or enzyme-catalyzed reactions

Question 17

DNA ‘s primary structure consists of what..?

Answer 17

Deoxyribonucleotides

Question 18

DNA is transcribed to what?

Answer 18

mRNA (messenger RNA )

Question 19

mRNA is translated to what?

Answer 19

Proteins

Question 20

DNA to mRNA to…?

Answer 20

Protein

Question 21

What is central dogma?

Answer 21

The flow of information from DNA to RNA

Question 22

Can some RNA s not be coded to make protein?

Answer 22

Yes, the can preform other important functions in the cell

Question 23

What is reverse transcription? And when is it found?

Answer 23

Reverses information flow by copying RNA into DNA. Some viruses with an RNA genome use this enzyme during their replication

Question 24

Each amino acid is specified by a ...?

Answer 24

Codon -a group of 3 bases in mRNA

Question 25

By synthesizing RNA s of a known base composition and the observing the results of the translation researchers were able to ...?

Answer 25

Decipher genetic code

Question 26

How is genetic code redundant?

Answer 26

Most of the 20 amino acids are specified by more than one codon

Question 27

Certain codons can...?

Answer 27

Signal where translation starts and stops

Question 28

Mutations are

Answer 28

Random, heritable changes in DNA that range from changes in a single base to changes in the structure and number of chromosomes

Question 29

What is silent mutation?

Answer 29

When the mutation has no effect on the final protein.

Question 30

What is a missense mutation?

Answer 30

When a single amino acid is changed in the final protein

Question 31

What is a nonsense mutation?

Answer 31

May shorten the protein by codeine for a STOP codon

Question 32

Frameshift mutation?

Answer 32

Shifts the reading frame and cause many amino acids to be wrong

Question 33

If an error is made in DNA synthesis or DNA repair it called?

Answer 33

Point mutation

Question 34

What is a beneficial mutation?

Answer 34

Increase the fitness (ability to survive) of the organism

Question 35

Neutral mutation?

Answer 35

Has no effect on fitness ( silent mutations)

Question 36

Deleterious mutations?

Answer 36

A mutation that lowers fitness

Question 37

How many codons are there?

Answer 37

64

Question 38

How many amino acid groups are there?

Answer 38

20

Question 39

What are the beginning and then end codons called?

Answer 39

Start and stop codons

Question 40

What does a code is unambiguous mean?

Answer 40

A single codon never codes for more than one amino acid

Question 41

Code is non overlapping means...?

Answer 41

When the ribosome locks onto the first codon it the reads each separate codon on after another

Question 42

Code is universal

Answer 42

All codons specify the same amino acids in all organisms

Question 43

Code is conservative

Answer 43

When several specify the same amino acid the first 2 bases In Those a are almost always identical

Question 44

A 3 base code is also known as

Answer 44

Triplet code

Question 45

Genes code for proteins but the do so...

Answer 45

Indirectly

Question 46

Transcription then...

Answer 46

Translation

Question 47

Genotype to...?

Answer 47

Phenotype

Question 48

Deff for phenotype

Answer 48

Physical traits that are a product of the proteins produced

Question 49

DNA is

Answer 49

Information storage

Question 50

RNA is

Answer 50

Information carrier

Question 51

Protein is

Answer 51

Active cell machinery

Question 52

When transcribing T in DNA to mRNA what does it go to?

Answer 52

A

Question 53

When transcribing A in DNA to mRNA what does it go to?

Answer 53

U

Question 54

One gene one enzyme?

Answer 54

Each gene contains the info required to make one enzyme