Chpt 15

Question 1

Ways in which the body
protects itself from pathogens

Answer 1

Host Defense Mechanisms

Question 2

are general and serve to protect the body against many harmful substances

Answer 2

Nonspecific host defense mechanisms

Question 3

First Line of Defense

Answer 3

Skin and Mucous Membranes as Physical Barriers

Question 4

Second Line of Defense

Answer 4

Transferrin

Fever

Interferons

The Complement System

Acute-Phase Proteins

Cytokines

Question 5

Levels of this glycoprotein
increase in response to
systemic bacterial infections

Answer 5

Transferrin

Question 6

Stimulated by pyrogenic substances

Answer 6

Fever

Question 7

Small antiviral proteins
produced by virus-infected cells; they prevent viruses from multiplying

Answer 7

Interferons

Question 8

can cause nonspecific flu-like symptoms

Answer 8

Interferons

Question 9

A group of about 30 different proteins found in normal blood plasma –

Answer 9

The Complement System

Question 10

Complement components interact with each other in a stepwise manner known as

Answer 10

complement cascade

Question 11

assists in the destruction of many different pathogens

Answer 11

The complement system

Question 12

is a process by which phagocytosis is facilitated by the deposition of opsonins

Answer 12

Opsonization

Question 13

Plasma proteins that increase rapidly in response to infection, inflammation, or tissue injury

Answer 13

Acute-Phase Proteins

Question 14

Chemical mediators released from many different types of cells in the body; enable cells to communicate with each other – within the immune system and between the immune system and other systems of the body

Answer 14

Cytokines

Question 15

they recruit phagocytes to sites where they are needed

Answer 15

chemoattractants

Question 16

The body respondstoany local injury, irritation, microbial invasion, or bacterial toxin by a complex series of events referred to as

Answer 16

Inflammation

Question 17

The 4 major signs and symptoms of inflammation are

Answer 17

redness, heat, swelling (edema), and pain

Question 18

Plasma that escapes from the capillaries into the site causes the area to become

Answer 18

edematous (swollen)

Question 19

Sequence of Events in Inflammation

Answer 19

1. Tissue Injury
2. Vasodilation
3. Increased Permeability
4. Emigration of Leukocytes
5. Chemotaxis
6. Phagocytosis

Question 20

The accumulation of fluid, cells, and cellular debris at the inflammation site is known as an

Answer 20

inflammatory exudate.

Question 21

is thick and greenish-yellow, containing many live and dead leukocytes, it is known as a

Answer 21

purulent exudate or pus.

Question 22

pus- producing microorganisms

Answer 22

Pyogenic microorganisms

Question 23

process by which they surround and engulf (ingest) foreign material is called

Answer 23

phagocytosis.

Question 24

The 3 major categories of leukocytes

Answer 24

monocytes, lymphocytes, and granulocytes

Question 25

types of granulocytes

Answer 25

eosinophils, basophils, and neutrophils.

Question 26

most important groups of phagocytes in the human body

Answer 26

macrophages and neutrophils

Question 27

the coating of microbes with complement components, such as C3b.

Answer 27

Opsonization

Question 28

initially serve to protect the organism from phagocytosis (they serve an antiphagocytic function)

Answer 28

Capsules

Question 29

Some bacteria produce an exoenzyme called which kills phagocytes.

Answer 29

leukocidin

Question 30

an abnormally low number of circulating leukocytes

Answer 30

Leukopenia