Chpt 13 Flashcards
Chapter 13
DIAGNOSING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
are used to
diagnose infectious
diseases must be of the
highest possible quality.
clinical specimens
three components of specimen quality
proper specimen selection
proper specimen collection
proper transport of clinical specimens.
True or false
Although the laboratory provides guidelines, it is the laboratory who collects the specimen who is ultimately responsible for its quality.
False
Although the laboratory provides guidelines, it is the person who collects the specimen who is ultimately responsible for its quality.
the presence of bacteria in the bloodstream
Bacteremia
serious disease involving chills, fever,
prostration, and the presence of bacteria or their
toxins in the bloodstream
Septicemia
Contamination in urine is reduced by collecting a
clean-catch,
midstream
Urine culture involves 3 parts
• A colony count (using a calibrated loop)
• Isolation and identification of the pathogen
• Antimicrobial susceptibility testing
way of estimating the number of
viable bacteria that are present in a urine specimen.
colony count
is used to
inoculate the entire surface of a blood agar plate.
calibrated loop
Idk formula
Colonies x dilution factor = # CFUs/mL
is inflammation or infection of the
membranes (meninges) that surround the brain and
spinal column
Meningitis
inflammation or infection of the brain
Encephalitis
inflammation or infection of
both the brain and meninges.
Meningoencephalitis
CSF is collected by - puncture into a sterile tube
Lumbar
True or false
CSF is considered a STAT (emergency) specimen in the lab
True
pus that accumulates deep within the
lungs of a patient with pneumonia, tuberculosis, or
other lower respiratory infection.
Sputum
are used to determine
whether a patient has
strep throat
Routine throat swabs
may be
necessary when
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
or Corynebacterium
diphtheriae are
suspected
Specific cultures
T or F
Whenever possible, a
wound specimen should
be an aspirate (i.e., pus
collected by needle and
syringe), rather than a
swab
T
T or F
Specimens collected by
swab are not frequently
contaminated with
indigenous microflora
False
Specimens collected by
swab are frequently
contaminated with
indigenous microflora
is a fastidious, microaerophilic, and
capnophilic bacterium.
N. gonorrhoeae
should be used to collect GC specimens
Dacron,
calcium alginate, or
nontoxic cotton swabs
T or F
Special transport media are available and GC swabs
should always be refrigerated.
False
Special transport media are available and GC swabs
should never be refrigerated.
If fecal specimens are not processed immediately what species could die
Shigella and salmonella
The Lab
Pathology department
The pathology department is divided into 2 major
divisions:
– Anatomical Pathology
– Clinical Pathology
Diseased organs, stained tissue sections, and
cytology specimens are examined here.
Anatomical Pathology
Consists of several laboratories in addition to the
Clinical Microbiology Laboratory: Clinical Chemistry,
Urinalysis, Hematology/Coagulation, Blood Bank, and Immunology.
Clinical Pathology
Responsibility is to assist clinicians in the diagnosis of fungal infections
Mycology Section
Assists clinicians in the diagnosis of parasitic dieases
Parasitology Section
Assists clinicians in the diagnosis of viral diseases
Virology Section
also called the TB Lab)
– Assists clinicians in the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB)
– Various types of specimens are submitted, but
sputum is the most common type
Mycobacteriology Section
are identified by the acid-fast
staining procedure and by using a combination of
growth characteristics
Mycobacterium spp.
