Chpt 14 Flashcards

1
Q

Chapter 14

A

PATHOGENESIS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

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2
Q

means the ability to cause
disease.

A

Pathogenicity

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3
Q

refers to the steps or
mechanisms involved in the development of a
disease.

A

Pathogenesis

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4
Q

disease caused by a microbe,
and the microbes that cause infectious diseases are
collectively referred to as pathogens.

A

infectious disease

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5
Q

synonym for infectious disease

mean colonization by a pathogen

A

Infection

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6
Q

T or F

A person can be infected with a pathogen, and have an infectious disease.

A

False

A person can be infected with a pathogen, but not have an infectious disease.

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7
Q

Four Periods or Phases in the Course of an
Infectious Disease

A

• The incubation period
• The prodromal period
• The period of illness
• The convalescent period

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8
Q

Once an infectious process is initiated, the disease
may remain localized or it may spread; examples are pimples, boils and abscesses

A

Localized Infection

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9
Q

When the infection spreads throughout the body

A

Systemic Infections

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10
Q

disease is one that has a rapid onset, and is
usually followed by a relatively rapid recovery

A

acute disease

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11
Q

examples of acute diseases

A

measles, mumps, and influenza.

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12
Q

slow onset and lasts a long time

A

chronic disease

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13
Q

Examples of chronic disease

A

tuberculosis, leprosy, and syphilis

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14
Q

one that comes on more suddenly
than a chronic disease but less suddenly than an acute disease

A

subacute disease

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15
Q

Examples of subacute disease

A

bacterial endocarditis

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16
Q

defined as some evidence of a
disease that is experienced by the patient; something that is subjective

A

symptom of a disease

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17
Q

the patient is experiencing
symptoms

A

symptomatic disease

18
Q

the patient
is not experiencing any symptoms.

A

asymptomatic disease

19
Q

defined as some type of objective
evidence of a disease

A

sign of a disease

20
Q

are
infectious diseases that go
from being symptomatic to
asymptomatic, and then,
later, go back to being
symptomatic.

A

Latent infections

21
Q

Examples of latent infection

A

syphilis and herpes virus
infections such as cold
sores, genital herpes,
and shingles.

22
Q

sequence of steps in the pathogenesis of
infectious diseases

A
  1. Entry of the pathogen into the body.
  2. Attachment of the pathogen to some tissue(s) within the body
  3. Multiplication of the pathogen.
  4. Invasion or spread of the pathogen.
  5. Evasion of host defenses.
  6. Damage to host tissue(s).
23
Q

sometimes used as a synonym for
pathogenic.

A

virulent

24
Q

capable of causing disease

A

– Virulent strains

25
Q

are not capable of causing disease

A

avirulent strains

26
Q

used to express the measure of pathogenicity

A

virulence

27
Q

attributes that enable pathogens to
attach, escape destruction, and cause disease

A

Virulence factors

28
Q

special molecules on the surface
of pathogens – are considered to be virulence factors because they enable pathogens to recognize and bind to particular host cell receptors.

A

Adhesins (ligands)

29
Q

are considered to be virulence
factors because they enable bacteria to attach to
surfaces, such as tissues within the human body.

A

Pili (bacterial fimbriae)

30
Q

Pathogens that must live within host cells in order to
survive and multiply are referred to as

A

obligate intracellular pathogens

31
Q

live within white blood cells, causing diseases known as
ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis.

A

Intraleukocytic pathogens

32
Q

examples of intraerythrocytic pathogens

A

Plasmodium spp. (which cause malaria) and
Babesia spp. (which cause babesiosis)

33
Q

are capable of both an
intracellular and extracellular existence

A

Facultative intracellular pathogens

34
Q

Exoenzymes released by bacteria include:

A

Necrotizing enzymes
Coagulase
Kinases
Hyaluronidase
Collagenase
Hemolysins
Lecithinase

35
Q

poisonous substances released by various
pathogens.

A

Toxins

36
Q

2 types of Toxins

A

Endotoxins

Exotoxins

37
Q

• Part of the cell wall structure of Gram-negative
• Can cause serious, adverse physiologic effects such asfever and shock

A

Endotoxins

38
Q

Poisonous proteins secreted by a variety of
pathogens

A

Exotoxins

39
Q

Some pathogens evade the immune system by changing their surface antigens

A

Antigenic Variation

40
Q

Some organisms conceal their foreign nature by coating

A

Camouflage and Molecular Mimicry

41
Q

Some pathogens produce IgA protease, an enzyme that destroy some of the host’s antibodies

A

Destruction of Antibodies