Chpt 14

Question 1

Chapter 14

Answer 1

PATHOGENESIS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Question 2

means the ability to cause
disease.

Answer 2

Pathogenicity

Question 3

refers to the steps or
mechanisms involved in the development of a
disease.

Answer 3

Pathogenesis

Question 4

disease caused by a microbe,
and the microbes that cause infectious diseases are
collectively referred to as pathogens.

Answer 4

infectious disease

Question 5

synonym for infectious disease

mean colonization by a pathogen

Answer 5

Infection

Question 6

T or F

A person can be infected with a pathogen, and have an infectious disease.

Answer 6

False

A person can be infected with a pathogen, but not have an infectious disease.

Question 7

Four Periods or Phases in the Course of an
Infectious Disease

Answer 7

• The incubation period
• The prodromal period
• The period of illness
• The convalescent period

Question 8

Once an infectious process is initiated, the disease
may remain localized or it may spread; examples are pimples, boils and abscesses

Answer 8

Localized Infection

Question 9

When the infection spreads throughout the body

Answer 9

Systemic Infections

Question 10

disease is one that has a rapid onset, and is
usually followed by a relatively rapid recovery

Answer 10

acute disease

Question 11

examples of acute diseases

Answer 11

measles, mumps, and influenza.

Question 12

slow onset and lasts a long time

Answer 12

chronic disease

Question 13

Examples of chronic disease

Answer 13

tuberculosis, leprosy, and syphilis

Question 14

one that comes on more suddenly
than a chronic disease but less suddenly than an acute disease

Answer 14

subacute disease

Question 15

Examples of subacute disease

Answer 15

bacterial endocarditis

Question 16

defined as some evidence of a
disease that is experienced by the patient; something that is subjective

Answer 16

symptom of a disease

Question 17

the patient is experiencing
symptoms

Answer 17

symptomatic disease

Question 18

the patient
is not experiencing any symptoms.

Answer 18

asymptomatic disease

Question 19

defined as some type of objective
evidence of a disease

Answer 19

sign of a disease

Question 20

are
infectious diseases that go
from being symptomatic to
asymptomatic, and then,
later, go back to being
symptomatic.

Answer 20

Latent infections

Question 21

Examples of latent infection

Answer 21

syphilis and herpes virus
infections such as cold
sores, genital herpes,
and shingles.

Question 22

sequence of steps in the pathogenesis of
infectious diseases

Answer 22

1. Entry of the pathogen into the body.
2. Attachment of the pathogen to some tissue(s) within the body
3. Multiplication of the pathogen.
4. Invasion or spread of the pathogen.
5. Evasion of host defenses.
6. Damage to host tissue(s).

Question 23

sometimes used as a synonym for
pathogenic.

Answer 23

virulent

Question 24

capable of causing disease

Answer 24

– Virulent strains

Question 25

are not capable of causing disease

Answer 25

avirulent strains

Question 26

used to express the measure of pathogenicity

Answer 26

virulence

Question 27

attributes that enable pathogens to attach, escape destruction, and cause disease

Answer 27

Virulence factors

Question 28

special molecules on the surface of pathogens – are considered to be virulence factors because they enable pathogens to recognize and bind to particular host cell receptors.

Answer 28

Adhesins (ligands)

Question 29

are considered to be virulence factors because they enable bacteria to attach to surfaces, such as tissues within the human body.

Answer 29

Pili (bacterial fimbriae)

Question 30

Pathogens that must live within host cells in order to survive and multiply are referred to as

Answer 30

obligate intracellular pathogens

Question 31

live within white blood cells, causing diseases known as ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis.

Answer 31

Intraleukocytic pathogens

Question 32

examples of intraerythrocytic pathogens

Answer 32

Plasmodium spp. (which cause malaria) and Babesia spp. (which cause babesiosis)

Question 33

are capable of both an intracellular and extracellular existence

Answer 33

Facultative intracellular pathogens

Question 34

Exoenzymes released by bacteria include:

Answer 34

Necrotizing enzymes Coagulase Kinases Hyaluronidase Collagenase Hemolysins Lecithinase

Question 35

poisonous substances released by various pathogens.

Answer 35

Toxins

Question 36

2 types of Toxins

Answer 36

Endotoxins Exotoxins

Question 37

• Part of the cell wall structure of Gram-negative • Can cause serious, adverse physiologic effects such asfever and shock

Answer 37

Endotoxins

Question 38

Poisonous proteins secreted by a variety of pathogens

Answer 38

Exotoxins

Question 39

Some pathogens evade the immune system by changing their surface antigens

Answer 39

Antigenic Variation

Question 40

Some organisms conceal their foreign nature by coating

Answer 40

Camouflage and Molecular Mimicry

Question 41

Some pathogens produce IgA protease, an enzyme that destroy some of the host’s antibodies

Answer 41

Destruction of Antibodies