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Micro Para Midterms Lect > Chp 12 > Flashcards

Chp 12 Flashcards

1
Q

defined as the
study of the occurrence,
determinants, and
distribution of health
and disease within
healthcare settings

A

Healthcare epidemiology

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2
Q

infections that are acquired
within hospitals or other
healthcare facilities

A

healthcare-associated infec-
tions

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3
Q

infections that are acquired outside
of healthcare facilities

A

community-acquired infections

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4
Q

CDC

A

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

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5
Q

iatrogenic infection

A

infection that results from med- ical or surgical treatment

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6
Q

Bacterias that are common causes of HAI
Gram-positive cocci:

Gram-negative bacilli:

A

Gram positive:
Staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA])

Coagulase-negative staphylococci Enterococcus spp. (including vancomycin-resistant enterococci)

Gram-negative:
Escherichia coli

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Enterobacter spp. Klebsiella spp.

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7
Q

Mode of Transmission

A

Contact

Droplet

Airborne

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8
Q

Most common types of HAI

A

Uti

Surgical site infection

Lower respiratory tract infection

Bloodstream infection

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9
Q

a common
cause of healthcare-
associated gastroin-
testinal infections.

A

Clostridium difficile

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10
Q

enterotoxin causes a disease known as

A

antibiotic- associated diarrhea (AAD)

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11
Q

The cytotoxin causes a disease known as

A

pseudomembranous colitis (PMC)

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12
Q

diseases that are transmissible from animals to humans.

A

zoonoses

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13
Q

the single most important measure to reduce the risks of transmitting pathogens from one patient to another or from one anatomic site to another on the same patient.

A

Handwashing

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14
Q

measures are designed
to break various links in
the chain of infection.

A

infection control

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15
Q

he instituted the practice of using phenol (carbolic acid) as an antiseptic to reduce micro- bial contamination of open surgical wounds.

A

Joseph Lister

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16
Q

literally means without infection

A

Asepsis

17
Q

actions taken to prevent
infection or break the
Infection control
chain of infection.

A

Aseptic techniques

18
Q

Categories of Disinfectants.

A

chemical sterilants

High-level disinfectants

Intermediate-level disinfectants

Low-level disinfectants

19
Q

kill all mi- crobes (including viruses),e except large numbers of bac- terial spores.

A

High-level disinfectants

20
Q

might kill mycobacteria, vegetative bacteria, most viruses, and most fungi, but do not necessarily kill bacterial spores.

A

Intermediate-level disinfectants

21
Q

kill most vegetative bacteria, some fungi, and some viruses within 10 minutes of exposure.

A

Low-level disinfectants

22
Q

clean technique

sterile technique

A

Medical asepsis

Surgical asepsis

23
Q

are to be applied to the
care of ALL patients in
ALL healthcare settings,
regardless of the
suspected or confirmed
presence of an
infectious agent.

A

Standard Precautions

24
Q

are enforced only for certain specific types of infections.

A

Transmission-Based Precautions

25
Q

The most important and
most basic technique in
preventing and
controlling infections
and preventing the
transmission of
pathogens

A

Handwashing

26
Q

The Father of Handwashing

A

Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis

27
Q

Components of PPE

A

gloves,
gowns, masks, eye
protection, and
respiratory protection.

28
Q

The three types of
Contact transmission is
Transmission-Based
the most important
Precautions

A

Contact Precaution

Droplet Precautions

Airborne Precautions

29
Q

is a single-patient room that is equipped with special air ( use of negative air) handling and ventilation systems

A

Airborne Infection Isolation Rooms

30
Q

are rooms that are
under positive pressure,
and vented air that
enters these rooms
passes through HEPA
filters.

A

Protective Environments

31
Q

How CML personnel participate in healthcare epidemiology and infection control:

A

By monitoring the types and
numbers of pathogens

By performing antimicrobial susceptibility testing

By notifying the appropriate ICP

By processing environmental samples

Micro Para Midterms Lect (4 decks)

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