Chp 12 Flashcards

1
Q

defined as the
study of the occurrence,
determinants, and
distribution of health
and disease within
healthcare settings

A

Healthcare epidemiology

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2
Q

infections that are acquired
within hospitals or other
healthcare facilities

A

healthcare-associated infec-
tions

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3
Q

infections that are acquired outside
of healthcare facilities

A

community-acquired infections

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4
Q

CDC

A

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

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5
Q

iatrogenic infection

A

infection that results from med- ical or surgical treatment

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6
Q

Bacterias that are common causes of HAI
Gram-positive cocci:

Gram-negative bacilli:

A

Gram positive:
Staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA])

Coagulase-negative staphylococci Enterococcus spp. (including vancomycin-resistant enterococci)

Gram-negative:
Escherichia coli

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Enterobacter spp. Klebsiella spp.

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7
Q

Mode of Transmission

A

Contact

Droplet

Airborne

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8
Q

Most common types of HAI

A

Uti

Surgical site infection

Lower respiratory tract infection

Bloodstream infection

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9
Q

a common
cause of healthcare-
associated gastroin-
testinal infections.

A

Clostridium difficile

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10
Q

enterotoxin causes a disease known as

A

antibiotic- associated diarrhea (AAD)

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11
Q

The cytotoxin causes a disease known as

A

pseudomembranous colitis (PMC)

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12
Q

diseases that are transmissible from animals to humans.

A

zoonoses

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13
Q

the single most important measure to reduce the risks of transmitting pathogens from one patient to another or from one anatomic site to another on the same patient.

A

Handwashing

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14
Q

measures are designed
to break various links in
the chain of infection.

A

infection control

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15
Q

he instituted the practice of using phenol (carbolic acid) as an antiseptic to reduce micro- bial contamination of open surgical wounds.

A

Joseph Lister

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16
Q

literally means without infection

17
Q

actions taken to prevent
infection or break the
Infection control
chain of infection.

A

Aseptic techniques

18
Q

Categories of Disinfectants.

A

chemical sterilants

High-level disinfectants

Intermediate-level disinfectants

Low-level disinfectants

19
Q

kill all mi- crobes (including viruses),e except large numbers of bac- terial spores.

A

High-level disinfectants

20
Q

might kill mycobacteria, vegetative bacteria, most viruses, and most fungi, but do not necessarily kill bacterial spores.

A

Intermediate-level disinfectants

21
Q

kill most vegetative bacteria, some fungi, and some viruses within 10 minutes of exposure.

A

Low-level disinfectants

22
Q

clean technique

sterile technique

A

Medical asepsis

Surgical asepsis

23
Q

are to be applied to the
care of ALL patients in
ALL healthcare settings,
regardless of the
suspected or confirmed
presence of an
infectious agent.

A

Standard Precautions

24
Q

are enforced only for certain specific types of infections.

A

Transmission-Based Precautions

25
The most important and most basic technique in preventing and controlling infections and preventing the transmission of pathogens
Handwashing
26
The Father of Handwashing
Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis
27
Components of PPE
gloves, gowns, masks, eye protection, and respiratory protection.
28
The three types of Contact transmission is Transmission-Based the most important Precautions
Contact Precaution Droplet Precautions Airborne Precautions
29
is a single-patient room that is equipped with special air ( use of negative air) handling and ventilation systems
Airborne Infection Isolation Rooms
30
are rooms that are under positive pressure, and vented air that enters these rooms passes through HEPA filters.
Protective Environments
31
How CML personnel participate in healthcare epidemiology and infection control:
By monitoring the types and numbers of pathogens By performing antimicrobial susceptibility testing By notifying the appropriate ICP By processing environmental samples