Chpt 12: Personality Flashcards
A pattern of enduring, distinctive thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that characterize the way an individual adapts to the world.
Personality
Theoretical views emphasize that personality is primarily unconscious (beyond awareness).
(2 words)
psychodynamic perspectives
True or False
According to the psychodynamic perspective, aspects of our personality are unconscious because unconscious forces are too frightening to be part of our awareness.
TRUE
Who introduced the psychodynamic view of personality?
Sigmund Freud
Who is considered one of the most influential thinkers of the 20th century?
Sigmund Freud
Freud defined ____ as organ pleasure. Anything that is pleasurable is ____.
Sex
Freud developed _________, his approach to personality.
psychoanalysis
_________ refers to physical symptoms that have no physical cause.
hysteria
Freud concluded that hysterical symptoms were ____________, meaning, that those symptoms had many causes in the unconscious.
overdetermined
_______ came to use hysterical symptoms as a metaphor for understanding dreams, slips of the tongue, and all human behavior.
Freud
The conscious and unconscious mind. This photo shows the conscious mind =(above water) and the unconscious mind (below the water). The ID is completely unconscious.
What are the 3 structures of Personality?
(3 words)
Id
Ego
Superego
The Freudian structure of personality consisting of unconscious drives; the individual’s reservoir of sexual energy.
ID
Also considered the “it” in regards to personality.
(1 WORD)
ID
The Freudian structure of personality that deals with the demands of reality.
Ego
Works according to the pleasure principle as it relates to personality.
ID
Works according to the reality principle as it relates to personality.
EGO
The Freudian structure of personality that serves as the harsh internal judge of our behavior; what we often call conscience.
SUPEREGO
The Freudian term for tactics the ego uses to reduce anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality.
Defense Mechanisms
The master defense mechanism; the ego pushes unacceptable impulse out of awareness, back into the unconscious mind is called _________.
(1 word)
Repression
The ego replaces a less acceptable motive with a more acceptable one is called ___________.
Rationalization
The ego shifts feelings toward an unacceptable object to another, more acceptable one.
Displacement
The ego replaces an unacceptable impulse with a socially acceptable one.
Sublimination
The ego attributes personal shortcomings, problems, and faults to others.
Projection
The ego transforms an unacceptable motive into its opposite.
(2 words)
Reaction formation
The ego refuses to acknowledge anxiety-producing realities.
Denial
The ego seeks the security of an earlier developmental period in the face of stress.
Regression
Which defense mechanism is the most powerful and pervasive?
Regression
What are the 8 defense mechanisms used to help the Ego deal with stressful situations?
Denial
Displacement
Projection
Reaction Formation
Regression
Rationalization
Repression
Sublimination
DDPRRRRS
Parts of the body that have strong pleasure-giving qualities at particular stages of development.
Erogenous Zones
What are the 5 personality developmental stages where sexual pleasure is experienced in one part of the body more than in others?
Oral Stage- first 18 months
Anal Stage- 18-36 months
Phallic Stage- 3-6 years old
Latency Period- 6 years -puberty
Genital Stage- adolescence and adulthood
The oral stage of sexual pleasure occurs in the first _____ months.
18 months
The anal stage of sexual pleasure occurs between ____ and ____ months.
18-36 months
The phallic stage (phallus= penis) occurs between ____ to ____ years.
3-6 years
What personality developmental stage triggers the Oedipus complex?
phallic stage
According to Freud, a boy’s intense desire to replace his father and enjoy the affections of his mother.
Oedipus Complex
_______ ________ refers to a boys intense fear of being mutilated by his father according to Freud.
(2 words)
Castration Anxiety
The intense desire to obtain a penis by eventually marrying and bearing a son according to Freud.
(2 words)
Penis Envy
What developmental period (out of the 5), occurs between 6 years to puberty?
(2 words)
Latency Period
What developmental stage as it relates to sexual pleasure occurs between adolescence and adulthood?
(2 words)
Genital Stage
________ occurs when a particular psychosexual stage colors an individuals adult personality.
Fixation
Adult Extentions
Karen _______ a critic to Freuds Psychodynamic Theory, rejected the notion that anatomy is destiny.
Horney
Jung’s term for the impersonal, deepest layer of the unconscious mind, shared by all human beings because of their common ancestral past.
collective unconscious
Jung’s term for the impersonal, deepest layer of the unconscious mind, shared by all human beings because of their common ancestral past.
collective unconscious
Carl ______ developed the concepts of unconscious archetypes.
Jung
Jung’s term for emotionally laden ideas and images in the collective unconscious that have rich and symbolic meaning for all people.
archetypes
Two common archetypes Jung used were _____ to refer to the passive feminine side and _______ to refer to the assertive masculine side
(2 words)
Anima
Animus
Jung believes the _________ represents the public mask that we all wear during social interactions.
Persona
Adler’s view that people are motivated by purposes and goals and that perfection, not pleasure, is thus the key motivator in human life.
(2 words)
Individual Psychology
Adlers term for the individual attempt to overcome imagined or real inferiorities or weaknesses by developing one’s own abilities.
Compensation
According to _______ the healthiest birth order position is the middle child.
Adler
SUMMARY: Psychodynamic Perspectives
Freud developed Psychoanalysis through his work with patients suffering from hysterical symptoms. He viewed these symptoms as conflicts between sexual drive and duty. Freud believed most personalities -id, ego, and superego are unconscious. However, the ego uses defense mechanisms to reduce anxiety.
Critics of Freud’s approach include Horney, who said that the need for security, not sex or aggression, is the most important need. Jung developed the concept of the “collective unconscious”- a library of archetypes. Adler’s “individual psychology” stresses that people strive toward perfection.
Weaknesses of the psychodynamic approach include overreliance on reports from the past and overemphasis on the unconscious mind. Strengths of the psychodynamic approaches include: recognizing the importance of childhood, conceptualizing development through stages, and calling attention to the role of unconscious processes in behavior.
Theoretical views of personality that stress a person’s capacity for personal growth and positive human qualities.
Humanistic Perspectives
A leading architect of the humanistic movement was Abraham __________. He believed that we can learn the most about human personality by focusing on the very best examples of human beings- self acutalizers.
Maslow
The motivation to develop to one’s full potential as a human being.
(2 words)
Self actualization
According to Maslow, ________ _________ are spontaneous, creative, possess a childlike capacity for awe, tolerant of others, have a gentle sense of humor, likely to pursue the greater good, and maintain a capacity for “peak experiences”.
(2 words)
Self Actualizers