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chemistry > chps 18 + 19 > Flashcards

chps 18 + 19 Flashcards

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1
Q

strong acids

A 
HCl
HNO3
H2SO4
HClO4
HBr
HI
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2
Q

common acids

A 
hydrochloric acid (HCl)
acetic acid (HC2H3O2)
sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
citric acid (HC6H7O4)
nitric acid (HNO3)
phosphoric acid (H4PO4)
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3
Q

hydrochloric acid (HCl) use

A

steel industry

stomach acid

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4
Q

acetic acid (HC2H3O2) use

A

vinegar

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5
Q

sulfuric acid (H2SO4) use

A

batteries

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6
Q

citric acid (HC6H7O4) use

A

citric fruits

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7
Q

nitric acid (HNO3) use

A

fertilizers

explosive

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8
Q

phosphoric acid (H4PO4) use

A

fertilizers

soft drinks

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9
Q

common bases

A

ammonia (NH3)
sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
Ca(OH)2, Mg(OH)2, Al(OH)3

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10
Q

ammonia (NH3) use

A

cleaner

fertilizer

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11
Q

sodium hydroxide (NaOH) use

A

drain cleaner

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12
Q

Ca(OH)2, Mg(OH)2, Al(OH)3 use

A

antiacids

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13
Q

properties of acids

A

good conductors of electricity

corrosive (very reactive)

taste sour

react with metals to produce H2

react with bases to produce a salt and water

change the color of indicators

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14
Q

properties of bases

A

good conductors of electricity

corrosive (very reactive)

taste bitter

feel slippery

react with acids to produce a salt and water

change the color of indicators

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15
Q

acid: arrhenius traditional definition

A

a substance that dissolved in water to form H+ ions

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16
Q

base: arrehenius traditional definition

A

a substance that dissolves in water to produce OH-

17
Q

problem with arrehenius definitions of acid and base

A

definition require H2O- not all acids and bases are in H2O

18
Q

acid: bronsted-dowry definition

A

a proton (H+) donor

19
Q

base: bronsted-lowry definition

A

a proton acceptor

20
Q

strong acids and bases

A

completely dissociate (separate into ions)

21
Q

weak acids and bases

A

do not completely dissociate

22
Q

what are the properties of acids and bases determined by?

A

how many ions are present

23
Q

ampoteric

A

can act as an acid or a base (water)

24
Q

weak acid (HA) dissociation equation

A

HA + H2O —> H3O+ + A-

25
Q

dissociation constant (formula) Ka

A

Ka = ([H3O+][A-])/[HA]

26
Q

weak base (B) dissociation equation

A

B + H2O —> OH- + HB+

27
Q

dissociation constant (formula) Kb

A

Kb = ([OH-][HB+])/[B]

28
Q

auto-ionization of water

A

2H2O — —> H3O+(aq) + OH-(aq)

Kw = [H3O+][OH-]

29
Q

auto-ionization problems: determined if a solution is an acid, a base, or neutral

A

[H3O+]>[OH-] —> acid

[H3O+] base

[H3O+]=[OH-] —> neutral

30
Q

salt

A

a compound consisting of the cation of a base and the anion of an acid

salts can be acidic, basic, or neutral

31
Q

titration

A

a procedure used to determine the concentration of an unknown acid or base

chemistry (16 decks)

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