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chemistry > chp 15 test > Flashcards

chp 15 test Flashcards

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1
Q

solution

A

homogenous mixture of two or more substances in a single physical state

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2
Q

solid solutions

A

alloys- a mixture of metals

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3
Q

gaseous solutions

A

any mixture of gases spontaneously becomes a solution

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4
Q

liquid solutions

A

solvent- the substance that does the dissolving

solute- the substance that is dissolved

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5
Q

solute

A

the substance that undergoes a state change or the substance present in the least amount

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6
Q

solvent

A

the substance that has no state change or the substance present in the greatest amount

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7
Q

aqueous solutions

A

have water as the solvent

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8
Q

particles of a solution

A

are evenly distributed

will not settle- no shaking is required

all look the same

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9
Q

properties of a solution

A

particles of a solution are evenly distributed

particles of a solution will not settle- no shaking is required

particles of a solution all look the same

saturation- there is a limit to how much solute can dissolve in a solvent

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10
Q

saturation

A

there is a limit to how much solute can dissolve in a solvent

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11
Q

saturated

A

has the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved

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12
Q

unsaturated

A

has less than the maximum amount of solute

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13
Q

supersaturated

A

has more than the maximum amount of solute

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14
Q

molarity

A

moles of solute/liters of solution

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15
Q

molality

A

moles of solute/kg of solvent

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16
Q

mole fraction

A

miles of a component/total moles in solution

17
Q

solvent (liquid)

A

are in constant rapid motion

have the ability to dissolve

18
Q

factors affecting dissolving rate

A

temp, stirring, and surface area

19
Q

dissolving rate: temp

A

as temp increases, dissolving rate increases

because at higher temps, solvent particles move faster and contact solute at a higher rate

20
Q

dissolving rate: stirring

A

as stirring increases, dissolving rate increases

because stirring allows fresh solvent to contact solute

21
Q

dissolving rate: surface area

A

as surface area increases, dissolving rate increases

because increasing surface area allows for more contact between the solvent and the solute

22
Q

factors affecting solubility

A

nature of solute and solvent, temp, and pressure

23
Q

factors affecting solubility: nature of solute and solvent

A

like dissolves like

24
Q

factors affecting solubility: temp

A

solid solutes: as temp increases, solubility increases

gaseous solutes: as temp increases, solubility decreases (thermal pollution)

25
Q

factors affecting solubility: pressure

A

gaseous solutes: as pressure increases, solubility decreases

26
Q

solubility

A

the amount of a solute that will dissolve in a specific solvent under given conditions (g of solute per 100 g of solvent)

27
Q

what do colligative properties depend on?

A

concentration of solute particles in a solution (not the identity of the solute, only the concentration is important)

28
Q

colligative properties

A

vapor pressure, boiling point, freezing point, osmotic pressure

29
Q

colligative properties: vapor pressure

A

the pressure of a gas in equilibrium with its liquid

the presence of a solute lowers the vapor pressure of a solution

30
Q

colligative properties: boiling point

A

the temp at which the vapor pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure

a solute lowers the vapor pressure so a greater temp is needed to reach atmospheric pressure

boiling point is always elevated by the presence of a solute

31
Q

colligative properties: freezing point

A

a solute interferes with the freezing process

the solvent particles have to reach a colder temp in order to arrange themselves as a solid

the freezing point is always lowered by the presence of a solute

32
Q

colligative properties: osmotic pressure

A

osmosis- the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane

osmotic pressure- the pressure required to stop osmosis

chemistry (16 decks)

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