chp 15 test

Question 1

solution

Answer 1

homogenous mixture of two or more substances in a single physical state

Question 2

solid solutions

Answer 2

alloys- a mixture of metals

Question 3

gaseous solutions

Answer 3

any mixture of gases spontaneously becomes a solution

Question 4

liquid solutions

Answer 4

solvent- the substance that does the dissolving

solute- the substance that is dissolved

Question 5

solute

Answer 5

the substance that undergoes a state change or the substance present in the least amount

Question 6

solvent

Answer 6

the substance that has no state change or the substance present in the greatest amount

Question 7

aqueous solutions

Answer 7

have water as the solvent

Question 8

particles of a solution

Answer 8

are evenly distributed

will not settle- no shaking is required

all look the same

Question 9

properties of a solution

Answer 9

particles of a solution are evenly distributed

particles of a solution will not settle- no shaking is required

particles of a solution all look the same

saturation- there is a limit to how much solute can dissolve in a solvent

Question 10

saturation

Answer 10

there is a limit to how much solute can dissolve in a solvent

Question 11

saturated

Answer 11

has the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved

Question 12

unsaturated

Answer 12

has less than the maximum amount of solute

Question 13

supersaturated

Answer 13

has more than the maximum amount of solute

Question 14

molarity

Answer 14

moles of solute/liters of solution

Question 15

molality

Answer 15

moles of solute/kg of solvent

Question 16

mole fraction

Answer 16

miles of a component/total moles in solution

Question 17

solvent (liquid)

Answer 17

are in constant rapid motion

have the ability to dissolve

Question 18

factors affecting dissolving rate

Answer 18

temp, stirring, and surface area

Question 19

dissolving rate: temp

Answer 19

as temp increases, dissolving rate increases

because at higher temps, solvent particles move faster and contact solute at a higher rate

Question 20

dissolving rate: stirring

Answer 20

as stirring increases, dissolving rate increases

because stirring allows fresh solvent to contact solute

Question 21

dissolving rate: surface area

Answer 21

as surface area increases, dissolving rate increases

because increasing surface area allows for more contact between the solvent and the solute

Question 22

factors affecting solubility

Answer 22

nature of solute and solvent, temp, and pressure

Question 23

factors affecting solubility: nature of solute and solvent

Answer 23

like dissolves like

Question 24

factors affecting solubility: temp

Answer 24

solid solutes: as temp increases, solubility increases

gaseous solutes: as temp increases, solubility decreases (thermal pollution)

Question 25

factors affecting solubility: pressure

Answer 25

gaseous solutes: as pressure increases, solubility decreases

Question 26

solubility

Answer 26

the amount of a solute that will dissolve in a specific solvent under given conditions (g of solute per 100 g of solvent)

Question 27

what do colligative properties depend on?

Answer 27

concentration of solute particles in a solution (not the identity of the solute, only the concentration is important)

Question 28

colligative properties

Answer 28

vapor pressure, boiling point, freezing point, osmotic pressure

Question 29

colligative properties: vapor pressure

Answer 29

the pressure of a gas in equilibrium with its liquid the presence of a solute lowers the vapor pressure of a solution

Question 30

colligative properties: boiling point

Answer 30

the temp at which the vapor pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure a solute lowers the vapor pressure so a greater temp is needed to reach atmospheric pressure boiling point is always elevated by the presence of a solute

Question 31

colligative properties: freezing point

Answer 31

a solute interferes with the freezing process the solvent particles have to reach a colder temp in order to arrange themselves as a solid the freezing point is always lowered by the presence of a solute

Question 32

colligative properties: osmotic pressure

Answer 32

osmosis- the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane osmotic pressure- the pressure required to stop osmosis