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Science > Chp7 > Flashcards

Chp7 Flashcards

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1
Q

Diet

A

Diet that contains all the essential nutrients in the correct proportions to maintain good health

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2
Q

Nutrient groups

A

Carbohydrates
Fat
Proteins
Vitamins
Minerals
Fibers
Water

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3
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Are the sugar starches and fibers found in fruits grains and vegetables they’re made up of elements carbon hydrogen and oxygen

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4
Q

Main role of carbohydrates

A

Quick and readily available source of energy

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5
Q

Complex molecules

A

Starch cellulose are vroken down by enzymes into simple sugars like fructose and glucose which are oxidized through respiration into carbon dioxide and water

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6
Q

Cellulose

A

makes up the cell walls of plants

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7
Q

Glucose

A

Is converted into another carbohydrate molecule called glycogen and stored in the muscles and liver if glycogen store are full the glucose is turned into fat and stored in cells called adipocytes

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8
Q

Fats and likes

A

C H O
Are oxidized through respiration into carbon dioxide and water they are far more energy dense than carbohydrates and proteins

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9
Q

Where stored fats

A

Directly under your skin or surrounding the organs

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10
Q

In the abdomen fats form

A

The phospholipid bilayer of cell membranes a substance called myelin which speeds up the transmissions of nerves impulses

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11
Q

Proteins

A

Broken down by digestion into smaller molecules called amino acids which are subsequently used to build proteins

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12
Q

Amino acid

A

Build proteins and tissues including those of the skin mucked blood and bones

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13
Q

Excess amino acid s

A

Cannot be retained instead they’re converted into glycogen in the liver which is either oxidized or stored for later user

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14
Q

Vitamin C

A

Body needs small amounts to develop and function correctly y

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15
Q

Collagen makes sk

A

Skin tendons ligaments and the walls of blood vessels strengthens the gums and soft tissue in the mouth which helps to keep the teeth firmly in place

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16
Q

Scurvy

A

Bleeding under the skin swollen bleeding gums and loss of teeth

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17
Q

Vitamin D

A

Using UV RADIatiob

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18
Q

Rockets v

A

Softening of bones in children
Deformation of bones in the legs due to the weight of the body

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19
Q

Iron

A

To as mineral salts are needed I. Small quantities
It forms part of the molecule harmoglobin which is found in red blood cells and transports oxygen through out the body

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20
Q

Not enough iron

A

Restricts red blood cell formation leading to a reduction in red blood cell concentrations

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21
Q

Calcium

A

Blood clotting when vessels are broken muscle contractions snd transmission of nerve impulses
Development of bone tissue

22
Q

No enough iron

A

Tickets
Weak nails
Muscle cramps

23
Q

Fibre

A

Made of Cellulose which makes up the cell walls in plant cells
Roles increased contents of the large intestine
Retains water
Softens Traces traces
Reduces constipation

24
Q

Water

A

70% total cell mass lost through sweating evaporation uranation and breathing

Roles
Cytoplasm blood plasma tissue fluid urine
A solvent for nutrients gasses and waste products
Involved in many chemical reactions breaks down food

25
Q

Alimentary canal

A

Tube that runs through the entire body Whcih food is digested

26
Q

Organs of the alimentary canal

A

Work together to break down food into small soluble molecules that can easily be taken up by the bloodstream of stream and utilized

27
Q

Main organs

A

Mouth chewing or mastication
Bolus saliva real see by salivary glands
Esophagus directs food to the stomach action by predtalsis

28
Q

Peristalsis

A

Caused by a wave of contractions in the muscular walls of the sophagus that occurs just above the bola squeezing it down through the tube the stomach has glands in its lining

29
Q

Stomach

A

Chemical digestion by enzymes
Physical digestion by muscles walls

30
Q

Duodenum

A

First part of the small intestine
Chemical digestion by enzymes

31
Q

Pâncreas

A

Release pancreatic juice into duodenum
Neutralizes stomach acid

32
Q

Liver

A

Produced bile

33
Q

GALL BLADDER

A

Stores bike
Repair add bilo into duodenum

34
Q

Ileum

A

Second part of small intestine
Final stages of the chemical digestion absorption of soluble food molecules
Villi increase surface adea

35
Q

Cólon

A

First part of the large intestine
Water and bile salts are reabsorver

36
Q

RECTUM AND ANUS

A

collects and holds farces

Farces passes through the abus

37
Q

Ingestion

A

The taking in of substance into the body through the mouth

38
Q

Physical digestion

A

The breakdown of food into smaller pudeaces without chemically changing the food molecules

39
Q

Chemical digestion

A

The breakdown of large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules

40
Q

Absorption

A

The movement of nutrients form the intestine into the blood

41
Q

Assimilation

A

The uptake and use of nutrients by cells

42
Q

Physical digestion

A

Increases the surface area of food for the action of enzymes in chemical digestion

43
Q

Incisors

A

Front
Chisel shaped sharp edged
Cutting off pieces of food

44
Q

Prmeolar

A

Behind canines
Two points
One or two roots
Tearing and grinding food

45
Q

Canines

A

Either side of incisors
More pointed than incisors
Similar function to the is does

46
Q

Molar

A

Back of the Louth four or five cups
Two or three roots
Chewing and grinding food

47
Q

Tooth structure

A

Crown
Root
Gum
Jawbone

48
Q

Enamel

A

Hard protective

49
Q

Cement

A

Secured tooth to bony socket

50
Q

Stomach

A

Muscular walls churn and mix food breaks food down into liquids smaller surface area for enzymes

Science (7 decks)

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