Chp.17

Question 0

What two factors exert the most influence on an audience’s perception of a speakers credibility?

Answer 0

Competence and character

Question 1

What is credibility?

Answer 1

The audiences’s perception of whether a speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic.

Question 2

What are the differences among initial credibility, derived credibility, and terminal credibility?

Answer 2

Initial: is the credibility of speaker before they even start to speak

Derived: the credibility of the speaker produced by everything she or he says and does during the speech itself.

Terminal: the credibility of the speaker at the end of the speech.

Question 3

What are three ways you can enhance your credibility during your speeches?

Answer 3

Explaining your competence, establishing common ground with the audience and speaking with genuine conviction.

Question 4

What is evidence?

Answer 4

Supporting materials used to prove or disprove something.

Question 5

why do persuasive speakers need to use evidence?

Answer 5

Because people are naturally skeptical. They are suspicious of unsupported generalizations. They want speakers to justify their claims and you do this with evidence.

Question 6

What are four tips for using evidence effectively in a persuasive speech?

Answer 6

Use specific evidence; use novel evidence; use evidence from credible sources; make clear the point of your evidence

Question 7

What is reasoning from specific instances?

Answer 7

Reasoning that moves from particular facts to a general conclusion.

Question 8

Why is it important to supplement reasoning from specific instances with testimony or statistics?

Answer 8

To demonstrate that the instances are representative of your specific instances

Question 9

What is reasoning from principle?

Answer 9

Reasoning that moves from a general principle to a specific conclusion

Question 10

How is it different from reasoning from specific instances?

Answer 10

It is the opposite it goes from a general principles/ideas to specific conclusions/solutions

Question 11

What is casual reasoning?

Answer 11

Reasoning that seeks to establish the relationship between causes and effects

Question 12

Why is the relationship between causes and effects not always clear?

Answer 12

2 reasons

1. ) the instance of one even does not signify the occurrence of the next even. It can just be coincidence
2. ) some events have more than one origin. Like what makes the economy go up or down?

Question 13

What is analogical reasoning?

Answer 13

Reasoning in which a speaker compares two similar cases and infers that what is true for the first case is also true for the second case.

Question 14

Why is analogical reasoning frequently used in persuasive speeches on questions of policy?

Answer 14

Because you can find out if the policy had been tried else were and use it to argue your point of view.

Question 15

What are the ten logical fallacies discussed in this chapter?

Answer 15

Hasty generalization
False cause
Invalid analogy
Bandwagon
Red herring
Ad hominem 
Either-or
Slippery slope
Appeal to tradition
Appeal to novelty

Question 16

What is the role of emotional appeal in persuasive?

Answer 16

To produce or generate a desired effect from your audience.

Question 17

Identify three methods you can use to generate emotional appeal in your speeches.

Answer 17

Use emotional language
Develop vivid examples
Speak with sincerity and conviction