(CHP1) TROE+ Marxism Flashcards
A01- Key arguments: Marxist and the role of education?
Marxism is a structural conflict theory🧱🧨🧠
That views society + education system
(as based) on CLASS DIVISIONS. 🧑🏻🌾🤴🏻
Education has 2 important functions that benefit capitalism: - it reproduces class inequalities - legitimises existing class inequality by producing ideologies.
A02- Application Louis Althusser (1971) - a structuralist Marxist
According to Louis Althusser (1971);
The STATE consists of 2 elements that serve to KEEP the bourgeoisie in power:
- The repressive state apparatuses- The rule of the bourgeoisie is maintained
through threats or physical coercion (force) - The ideological state apparatus- The bourgeoisie’s power is maintained
by controlling people’s ideas values and beliefs.
A02- Application
Bowles and Gintis: Schooling in capitalist America.
- Bowles and Gintis conducted a study with 237 participants from NY high schools. (Finding from other studies also used)
—They discovered that….
SCHOOLS REWARD PERSONALITY TRAITS THAT MAKE FOR COMPLIANT AND PASSIVE WORKERS.
INDIVIDUALS WHO SHOWED INDEPENDENCE AND CREATIVITY TENDED TO RECEIVE LOW GRADES, WHILE OBEDIENT ONES WHO FOLLOWED THE RULES TENDED TO GET HIGHER GRADES.
A02- What did Bowles and Gentis concluded form their study ‘schooling class in capitalist America’
Schools help produce the obedient and passive workers that capitalism NEEDS.
(Perfect proletariat)
A02- The hidden curriculum (Bowles and Gintis)
Refers to INFORMAL LEARNING
The things students can learn at schools -with ought being implicitly taught- from the experience of school.
(Hierarchy/respect for authority/ conformity).
These parallels between school and work are known as the correspondence principle- according to B&G
The Myth of meritocracy (B&G)
The education system helps
to prevent individuals from 👮🏼♀️
rebelling and challenging capitalism 🔫💪🏽
through the myth of meritocracy . 🧜
If individuals believe that society is truly meritocratic
🥇
They will also believe their socio-economic position as deserved😔 and will not challenge capitalism. 🥺
Bowles and Gentis described the education as a ‘giant myth making machine’ a key myth that is promoted is the myth of meritocracy.
A02- Paul Willis (1977) Learning to Labour ‘how working class kids get working class jobs’
Aim- to examine why working class boys often ‘end up’ in
lower paid, low status employment.
⬇️💶⬇️🎚
Methodology- Participant observation 👀 Unstructured interviews 🧽🎙 Willis studied a group of year 11 boys during their last year of school and 1st year of work 🌗🌜
Finding- two subcultures emerged :
‘the lads 🍻and the ‘earholes’ 👂🏻
Conclusion- working class boys under achieve due to their anti school subcultures .❌🏫🚇
A02- Paul Willis (1977) Learning to Labour ‘how working class kids get working class jobs’ evaluation A03
(2 oppositional views)
1
Critics argue that Willis study
over romanticises the ‘lads’ behaviour, 😍🥰
presenting them as working-class hero’s 👷🏻🎖
despite their sexist and anti social behaviour. 👩🏼😐
Mcrobbie (1978) emphasis the fact that females are largely absent from Willis study. 😶🌫️👭
A03- Explain one general critic of traditional Marxism
- Criticised for being an
economic 💸determinist 💪🏽😡theory.
This means that it explains everything in terms of the economy only, ignoring wider factors.🙈🙉
A03- Evaluate liberal feminist critic of Marxism
-ignores the importance of patriarchy.
MacDonald🍟 (1980) argues that Bowles and Gintis ignore the fact the schools not only reproduce capitalism but patriarchy to.
Marxists and the class system
Marxist believe that capitalism uses the class system to oppress the proletariat and benefit the bourgeoisie.
Marx believe that one day the proletariat will revolt and communism will replace capitalism.
Capitalism
An economic system where a small minority (the rich) own the means of production (factories and banks)
A03 - critic against Marxism (group)
Postmodernists-
the Es promotes choice 🥬🍪+ diversity 🏳️🌈
and prepares individuals for a post Fordist 🚗economy. The Marxist view of the Es is outdated.
