( CHP1)-TROE + functionalism

Question 1

A01- What is functionalism?

Answer 1

A sociological theory that believes 🧠
All parts of a society 📲
work together 🤝
To keep it functioning properly. 🦾

                 Remove a 🗝 part of society 
                                       =
                The system is liable to collapse 

( everyone + all social institutions=

 have a role to play in /contributing/ to a FULLY FUNCTIONING society)

Question 2

Explain Durkheim organic analogy.

Answer 2

A theory that assumes the interdependent nature ⚖️🌳
of the human body

can be used to explain
the interdependent relationship ⚖️👩‍❤️‍💋‍👩
of societal institutions.

This theory suggest
that the different organs of the human body 🫁🫀
can be seen as representative ✅
of different social institutions in society. 🏥🏦🏩

And as organs are interdependent⚖️
with a specific function 🤖
that contributes to the efficiency of the system 🦾
;they can act as representation of social institutions.

If a organ should fail
the entire system is jeopardised,
society can be understood in this same lens.

Question 3

What are structuralist theories?

Answer 3

Individuals are SHAPED by SOCIETY.

Question 4

Key word- functionalism?

Answer 4

A Structural Consensus Theory

That is associated with the ORGANIC ANALOGY.!

Question 5

Key word- Marxism?

Answer 5

A structural conflict theory.

🧱🥷🧠

Question 6

Key word- new right?

Answer 6

A politically conservative theory (right wing)

Question 7

Key word-Structural theory?

Answer 7

Individuals are shaped by society.

Question 8

Key words- conflict theory?

Answer 8

Norms and values are imposed are imposed by the powerful. 👨🏼

Question 9

Key words- consensus theory?

Answer 9

Norms and values are shared.

Question 10

Keyword word- norms

Answer 10

Expected patterns of behaviour

Question 11

Key word-Values?

Answer 11

Shared beliefs that are considered important by society.

Question 12

The role of education according to Durkheim?

Answer 12

According to Durkheim (1903) the education system performs two functions…..

1) (C)reating (S)ocial (S)olidarity
2) (T)eaching (S)pecialist (S)kills

Question 13

How does the Education system (C)reate (S)ocial (S)olidarity according to Durkheim?

What
Why (4 reasons)
How

Answer 13

(C)reating (S)ocial (S)olidarity-

Social solidarity refers to a sense of unity that individuals feel in society.

This is important for:

• social order
• social cohesion

Social solidarity is needed because according to Durkheim(1903) individuals have a homo duplex nature, individuals are naturally selfish BUT can be taught MORALITY. Education plays a key role in this PROCESS, ultimately preventing ANOMIE
(a state of normlessness)

Sense of social solidarity is achieved in education through the teaching of subjects like history which instills a sense of shared heritage and belonging to a wider social group. Schools also act as a society in miniature by preparing individuals for wider society

Question 14

How does the Education system teach specialist skills according to Durkheim?

Answer 14

According to Durkheim (1903) the education system teaches individuals
the specialist knowledge + skills needed to successfully ‘play their part’ in the Labour market. And raise the level of expertise of the workplace.

Question 15

What function does the Education system perform according to Parsons?

Answer 15

The education stems prepares individuals for wider society.

Question 16

What important functions does the education system perform according to Davis and Moore.

Answer 16

Role allocation.

Question 17

A03- evaluation

What argument challenges/critique’s Durkheim’s claims ( education creates social solidarity/ teaching specialist skills)?

Answer 17

A) Source: the Wolf review of vocational education (2011) claims those high quality apprenticeships are rare and up to 1/3 or 16-19 y/o are on courses that do not lead to higher education/good jobs. (Therefore the education system does not teach specialist skills adequately)

B) NEOLIBERALS and THE NEW RIGHT argue that STATE CONTROL of the education system FAILS to adequately PREPARE individuals for the WORKPLACE as it DISCOURAGES competition efficiency and choice. (Therefore the education system does not teach specialist skills adequately)

Question 18

What argument challenges/critique’s Parsons claims ( education prepares individuals for wider society because education systems is meritocratic and based on universalistic standards)?

Answer 18

Traditional Marxist would challenge Parsons view that education instill societies norms and values and create social solidarity …..

on the grounds that education is merely ideological weapon. 🧨🧠

It transmit the norm of the values of the ruling class only. 🚄🚻

Consequently the education system creates and legitimises class inequalities. 😏🥺

Meritocracy is a myth.

Question 19

What argument challenges/critique’s Davis and More’s claims?

Answer 19

• A Marxist criticism of this is that social stratification – or inequality – is PRECISELY what means the ES MANIFESTLY fails to grade people by their ability or effort.
• Instead, the wealthy and powerful have more ADVANTAGES which the ES REINFORCES.
• Overwhelmingly, the children of highly paid parents leave the ES with the better qualifications and go on to get high-paid jobs themselves.
• This is not meritocracy, but instead the reproduction of inequality.
• The myth of meritocracy is what allows the rich to get away with entrenching their privilege and serves to convince everyone else that the process is fair.

Question 20

What argument challenges/critique’s Functionalist claims ( education plays a key role in a fully functioning society) ?

Answer 20

Functionalist present over socialised view of individuals.They present individuals as passively absorbing school values without questioning them which is unlikely to paint a true portrait of reality.

Question 21

How does the education system preform role allocation according to Davis and Moore?

Answer 21

Davis and Moore argued that for society to function:

There HAD to be a system of UNEQUAL rewards.
⚜️🍂

It is the ability to access HIGH REWARD ⚜️that encourages individuals to put in the EXTRA EFFORT.💪🏽😠💪🏽

In other words, social stratification (what other might term ‘inequality’) is ESSENTIAL! It is social stratification- a system of unequal rewards/ that facilitates meritocracy.

Meritocracy works because of COMPETITION.
The most IMPORTANT jobs THAT need the most ABLE + determined ppl to carry them out, bring the most rewards (highest pay)

Through intense COMPETITION, the best get to the top. In this way, the education system SIFTS and SORTS people into their APPROPRIATE work roles.

Question 22

Which sociologists arguments are similar to Davis and Moore’s?

Answer 22

Peter Blau and Otis Duncan argue that a modern economy depends for its prosperity on using its human capital, this term refers to the skills of the workers.

They argue that a meritocratic education system does this best. Since it enables each person to be allocated to the job best suited to their abilities. This will enhance productivity.