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Biology 2024-25 > Chp 9 > Flashcards

Chp 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the circulatory system

A

A system of blood vessels with a pump and valves to ensure the one way flow of blood

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2
Q

The process of the circulatory system

A

Muscular heart contracts forcing blood through arteries at high pressure.

Arteries lead to smaller vessels called arterials and arterials split off into capillaries which form a network throughout the orange and tissues here pressure falls and blood slows down to facilitate the exchange of substances between blood and cells capillaries merge into venules and the venules lead into veins which carry the blood back to the heart where the process begins again to ensure blood only flows in one direction the system valves are present

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3
Q

Labeled heart

A

Left side : but right
Vena cava
Right atrium
Inferior vena cava
Right ventricle
Septum

Other side :
Aorta
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary veins
Left atrium
Valves
Left ventricle

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4
Q

Circulatory system includes

A

Blood
Heart
Blood vessels

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5
Q

Circulatory system functions
From the artery

A

Red blood cells carry out oxygen to the body’s cells and nutrients

Deoxygenated red blood cells are going to the vein from the body’s cells carrying co2 and wastes

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6
Q

Circulatory system alveoli’s

A

Gas exchange

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7
Q

Where does blood go arteries

A

Blood flows away from the heart in arteries towards different organs

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8
Q

Where does blood go veins

A

Blood returns to the heart through veins

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9
Q

Capillaries connect what

A

Arteries to veins

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10
Q

Capillaries features

A

Provide oxygen and nutrients to cells while removing waste products efficiently

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11
Q

Valves

A

Prevent backwards flow of bloodb

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12
Q

How does valves work

A

Open when blood pressure pushes against them close to prevent backflow

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13
Q

Where are valves located

A

Between heart chambers

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14
Q

Semi lunar valves are also present in

A

The heart where blood leaves the heart

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15
Q

What is double circulation

A

Involves blood passing through the heart twice during one complete circuit of the body

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16
Q

Chambers of the heart names

A

Top
Right atrium and left atrium
Bottom
Right ventricle left ventricle

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17
Q

Right side pumps

A

Deoxygenated blood to the lungs

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18
Q

Left side pumps

A

Oxygenated blood to the rest of the body

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19
Q

The heart has 4 chambers divide by

A

The septum

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20
Q

Muscular walls squeeze blood out of the

A

Atria and ventricles

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21
Q

Pocket valves are present in

A

The veins

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22
Q

How to monitor the sounds of the heart

A

Stethoscope

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23
Q

Monitor the electrical activity of the heart

A

Heart rate in the form of a tracer
Unusual patterns can indicate heart problems

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

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24
Q

Pulse

A

Heart beat creates a pulse of high pressure blood

25
Q

Monitoring heart rate without equipment

A

Pulse rate using your finger
Count it for one minute

26
Q

To monitor the effects of physical activity

A

Measure your pulse before and after exercise and then at one minute intervals

27
Q

Fitter individuals have lower or higher pulse rates

A

Lower

28
Q

Affects of exercise

A

Heart beats faster
Increases blood flow to the muscles
Muscles require more energy during exercise

29
Q

Results of after exercise

A

Increased supply of oxygen and glucose
Increased removal of carbon dioxide

30
Q

Arteries function structure

A

Carry blood away from the heart at high pressure
Narrow for blood flow
Thick walls with muscle and elastic fibers to withstand pressure

31
Q

Veins function and structure

A

Carry blood back to the heart at low pressure
Wider space for blood flow
Thin walls and less elastic
Valves

32
Q

Capillaries stricter and function

A

Allow exchange of substances

Very narrow allowing only a ding red blood cell to pass
One cell thick

33
Q

Coronary heart disease

A

Build up of fatty deposits in walls of coronary arteries
Blockage
Blood flow is restricted

34
Q

Coronary heart disease caused

A

Decrease oxygen supply to heart muscle
Can lead to heart muscle damage or death

35
Q

Factors that can cause coronary heart disease

A

Genetics
Age
Sex
Smoking
Diet
Exercise

36
Q

Why is diet a factor

A

An unbalanced diet puts more strain on the heart and can cause inflammation to arterial walls

37
Q

Why is smoking a factor

A

Increase the risk in CHD
Damages blood vessels

38
Q

Why is exercise a factor

A

When you don’t exercise enough the heart muscles loses strength and becomes less efficient at pumping blood this means the heart has to work
Harder

39
Q

Genetics why factor

A

Inherited genes increases the risk of

40
Q

Age

A

Risk of CHD increases with age
Older individuals are more prone to developing CHD

41
Q

Gender

A

Men have a higher chance of developing CHD than women

42
Q

Arteries

A

Carry high pressure blood away from the heart
Thick walls
Narrow lumen

43
Q

Capillaries

A

Once cell thick
Narrow lumen
Permeable

44
Q

Veins

A

Low pressure
Thin walls
Wide lumen
Valves

45
Q

Veins

A

Low pressure
Thin walls
Wide lumen
Valves

46
Q

The main blood vessels that lead to and from the heart lungs and kidneys

A

The Maine blood vessels of the heart and lungs are the vena cava pulmonary artery pulmonary vein and aorta

47
Q

The process

A

Deoxygenated blood flows into the right atrium through the vena cava the blood moves down into the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery and off to the lungs oxygenated blood from the lungs flows through the pulmonary vein and into the left atrium it then moves down into the left ventricle which contracts forcing it b to the aorta and after the body’s tissues each kidney receives blood from a renal artery when the blood has been filtered

48
Q

Components of blood

A

Plasma platelets white blood cells and red blood cells

49
Q

What’s in plasma

A

Water
Ions
Proteins nutrients
Wastes
Gasss

50
Q

How can you see the components of blood

A

By spinning a blood sample in a centrifuge the heavier components sink to the bottom

51
Q

Red blood cells

A

No nuclei
Tiny disc shaped
With a large surface area
Contains hemoglobin

52
Q

Oxygen and heamoglonin form

A

In the lungs where oxygen concentrations are high hemoglobin combines with oxygen to form oxyhemoglobin

53
Q

Importance of hawmoglobin

A

Protein containing iron
Essential for oxygen transport

54
Q

White blood cells

A

Protect against diseases
Have nuclei colorless
Protect the body against disease causing pathogens like bacteria and viruses

55
Q

Two types of blood cells

A

Phagocytes
Lymphocytes

56
Q

Phagocytes

A

Cells that engulf pathogens

57
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Produce antibodies

58
Q

Platelets

A

Clot the blood
Prevent excessive bleeding
Stops o pathogens from entering the blood

59
Q

Plasma

A

Liquid component of the blood
Transport substances throughout the body

Biology 2024-25 (7 decks)

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