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Biology 2024-25 > Chp 9 > Flashcards

Chp 9 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the circulatory system

A

A system of blood vessels with a pump and valves to ensure the one way flow of blood

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2
Q

The process of the circulatory system

A

Muscular heart contracts forcing blood through arteries at high pressure.

Arteries lead to smaller vessels called arterials and arterials split off into capillaries which form a network throughout the orange and tissues here pressure falls and blood slows down to facilitate the exchange of substances between blood and cells capillaries merge into venules and the venules lead into veins which carry the blood back to the heart where the process begins again to ensure blood only flows in one direction the system valves are present

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3
Q

Labeled heart

A

Left side : but right
Vena cava
Right atrium
Inferior vena cava
Right ventricle
Septum

Other side :
Aorta
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary veins
Left atrium
Valves
Left ventricle

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4
Q

Circulatory system includes

A

Blood
Heart
Blood vessels

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5
Q

Circulatory system functions
From the artery

A

Red blood cells carry out oxygen to the body’s cells and nutrients

Deoxygenated red blood cells are going to the vein from the body’s cells carrying co2 and wastes

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6
Q

Circulatory system alveoli’s

A

Gas exchange

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7
Q

Where does blood go arteries

A

Blood flows away from the heart in arteries towards different organs

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8
Q

Where does blood go veins

A

Blood returns to the heart through veins

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9
Q

Capillaries connect what

A

Arteries to veins

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10
Q

Capillaries features

A

Provide oxygen and nutrients to cells while removing waste products efficiently

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11
Q

Valves

A

Prevent backwards flow of bloodb

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12
Q

How does valves work

A

Open when blood pressure pushes against them close to prevent backflow

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13
Q

Where are valves located

A

Between heart chambers

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14
Q

Semi lunar valves are also present in

A

The heart where blood leaves the heart

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15
Q

What is double circulation

A

Involves blood passing through the heart twice during one complete circuit of the body

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16
Q

Chambers of the heart names

A

Top
Right atrium and left atrium
Bottom
Right ventricle left ventricle

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17
Q

Right side pumps

A

Deoxygenated blood to the lungs

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18
Q

Left side pumps

A

Oxygenated blood to the rest of the body

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19
Q

The heart has 4 chambers divide by

A

The septum

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20
Q

Muscular walls squeeze blood out of the

A

Atria and ventricles

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21
Q

Pocket valves are present in

A

The veins

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22
Q

How to monitor the sounds of the heart

A

Stethoscope

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23
Q

Monitor the electrical activity of the heart

A

Heart rate in the form of a tracer
Unusual patterns can indicate heart problems

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

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24
Q

Pulse

A

Heart beat creates a pulse of high pressure blood

25
Monitoring heart rate without equipment
Pulse rate using your finger Count it for one minute
26
To monitor the effects of physical activity
Measure your pulse before and after exercise and then at one minute intervals
27
Fitter individuals have lower or higher pulse rates
Lower
28
Affects of exercise
Heart beats faster Increases blood flow to the muscles Muscles require more energy during exercise
29
Results of after exercise
Increased supply of oxygen and glucose Increased removal of carbon dioxide
30
Arteries function structure
Carry blood away from the heart at high pressure Narrow for blood flow Thick walls with muscle and elastic fibers to withstand pressure
31
Veins function and structure
Carry blood back to the heart at low pressure Wider space for blood flow Thin walls and less elastic Valves
32
Capillaries stricter and function
Allow exchange of substances Very narrow allowing only a ding red blood cell to pass One cell thick
33
Coronary heart disease
Build up of fatty deposits in walls of coronary arteries Blockage Blood flow is restricted
34
Coronary heart disease caused
Decrease oxygen supply to heart muscle Can lead to heart muscle damage or death
35
Factors that can cause coronary heart disease
Genetics Age Sex Smoking Diet Exercise
36
Why is diet a factor
An unbalanced diet puts more strain on the heart and can cause inflammation to arterial walls
37
Why is smoking a factor
Increase the risk in CHD Damages blood vessels
38
Why is exercise a factor
When you don’t exercise enough the heart muscles loses strength and becomes less efficient at pumping blood this means the heart has to work Harder
39
Genetics why factor
Inherited genes increases the risk of
40
Age
Risk of CHD increases with age Older individuals are more prone to developing CHD
41
Gender
Men have a higher chance of developing CHD than women
42
Arteries
Carry high pressure blood away from the heart Thick walls Narrow lumen
43
Capillaries
Once cell thick Narrow lumen Permeable
44
Veins
Low pressure Thin walls Wide lumen Valves
45
Veins
Low pressure Thin walls Wide lumen Valves
46
The main blood vessels that lead to and from the heart lungs and kidneys
The Maine blood vessels of the heart and lungs are the vena cava pulmonary artery pulmonary vein and aorta
47
The process
Deoxygenated blood flows into the right atrium through the vena cava the blood moves down into the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery and off to the lungs oxygenated blood from the lungs flows through the pulmonary vein and into the left atrium it then moves down into the left ventricle which contracts forcing it b to the aorta and after the body’s tissues each kidney receives blood from a renal artery when the blood has been filtered
48
Components of blood
Plasma platelets white blood cells and red blood cells
49
What’s in plasma
Water Ions Proteins nutrients Wastes Gasss
50
How can you see the components of blood
By spinning a blood sample in a centrifuge the heavier components sink to the bottom
51
Red blood cells
No nuclei Tiny disc shaped With a large surface area Contains hemoglobin
52
Oxygen and heamoglonin form
In the lungs where oxygen concentrations are high hemoglobin combines with oxygen to form oxyhemoglobin
53
Importance of hawmoglobin
Protein containing iron Essential for oxygen transport
54
White blood cells
Protect against diseases Have nuclei colorless Protect the body against disease causing pathogens like bacteria and viruses
55
Two types of blood cells
Phagocytes Lymphocytes
56
Phagocytes
Cells that engulf pathogens
57
Lymphocytes
Produce antibodies
58
Platelets
Clot the blood Prevent excessive bleeding Stops o pathogens from entering the blood
59
Plasma
Liquid component of the blood Transport substances throughout the body

Biology 2024-25 (7 decks)

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