Chp 8

Question 1

Plants contain two types of transport vessels

Answer 1

Xylem vessels
Phloem vessels

Question 2

Xylem vessels

Answer 2

Transport water and minerals from the roots to the stem and leaves. They also offer support to the plant within the stem

Question 3

Phloem vessels

Answer 3

Transport food materials mainly sucrose and amino acids made by the plant from photosynthesis leaves to non photosynthesising regions in the roots and stem

Question 4

The vessels are arranged throughout the root stem and leaves in groups called

Answer 4

Vascular bundles

Question 5

Xylem tissues are above or under

Answer 5

Xylem tissues above
Phloem tissues under

Question 6

Cross section of a stem

Answer 6

Phloem tissues is in the top
And xylem on bottom
Half circle

Question 7

Cross section of a root

Answer 7

Xylem tissue is a cross
Phloem tissue circle

Question 8

Xylem is always …. And phloem is always on the

Answer 8

Inside
Outside

Question 9

Minerals can be used to

Answer 9

Build other molecules such as proteins and chlorophyll

Question 10

Xylem cells properties

Answer 10

Hollow and have no cell walls allow water to flow in a continuous column

Question 11

How are xylem walls thickened

Answer 11

With lignin to prevent breakages which might break the water flow

Question 12

Phloem transport direction can vary depending on

Answer 12

The source of nutrients and where they are needed

Question 13

The vascular tissue is located in

Answer 13

The center of roots

Question 14

Root hair cells are found in

Answer 14

The epidermis of plant roots

Question 15

Root hair cells have extensions known as

Answer 15

Root hairs that grow in between soil particles

Question 16

Root hairs do what to the epidermal cells

Answer 16

Increase the surface area aiding absorption of water and mineral ions from the soul

Question 17

Root hair cells can be identified

Answer 17

By their root hairs which extended from the surface of the root epidermis

Question 18

Osmosis causes water to

Answer 18

Pass into the root hair cells through the root cortex and into the xylem vessels

Question 19

Once the water gets into the xylem it is carried up to

Answer 19

The leaves where it enters mesophyll cells

Question 20

The pathway of water

Answer 20

Root hair cell -> root cortex —> xylem —> leaf mesophyll cells

Question 21

Movement of water molecules by osmosis

Answer 21

Left

Question 22

Transportation is defined as

Answer 22

The loss of water vapour from the leaves of plants

Question 23

Water travels from the roots to

Answer 23

The leaves in the xylem vessels when it reaches the cells of the spongy mesophyll layer in the leaves it evaporates from the surface of the spongy mesophyll cells into the air cells

Question 24

Water vapour then diffuses out of the

Answer 24

Air space into the surrounding environment via the stomata

Question 25

The process of evaporation

Answer 25

1) evaporation of water molecules from the surface of mesophyll cells to air space (H20 Liquid -> H20 gas)

2) diffusion of water vapour water gas out of stomata when there is a concentration gradient

Question 26

Water is needed in the leaves for

Answer 26

Photosynthesis
Transport of mineral ions
Structural support

Question 27

Water vapour diffuses out of the leaf through stomata that are open for

Answer 27

Gas exchange

Question 28

Describe how water is lost from a plant by transpiration

Answer 28

Water evaporates
From the surface of mesophyll cells
Into the air spaces in the leaf
Water vapour diffuses out of the leaf through the stomata

Question 29

As temperature increases

Answer 29

The rate of transpiration also increases

Question 30

As wind speed increases

Answer 30

The rate of transpiration also increases

Question 31

Investigating the effect of temperature and wind speed on transpiration rate

Answer 31

Cut a plant shoot underwater to prevent air from entering the xylem
2. Place shoot in the potometer apparatus
3. Setup the apparatus as shown in the diagram and make sure it is airtight, using Vaseline to seal any gaps
4. Dry the leaves of the shoot so that water does not block the stomata
5. Remove the capillary tube from the beaker of water to allow a single air bubble to form
6. Place the end of the tube back into the water
7. Set up the environmental factor you are investigating (temperature or wind speed)
8. Allow the plant to adapt to the new environment for 5 minutes
9. Record the starting location of the air bubble
10. Leave the potometer for a set period of time, e.g. 20 minutes
11. Record the end location of the air bubble
• The further the bubble travels in the set time period, the faster transpiration is occurring
12. Reset the bubble by opening the tap below the reservoir
13. Change the wind speed or temperature (only one - whichever factor is being investigated)
14. Repeat the experiment
= TRANSPIRATION
RESERVOIR

Question 32

Investigating the effects

Answer 32

Using a reservoir and a cut shoot a volume scale a capillary tube with a beaker of water and a lamp for the light

1) record distance of air bubble at start of the experiment
2) leave for set period of time 1h
3) record end location of air bubble and calculate the distance travels
4) reset air bubble using tap of reservoir if necessary
5) repeat experiment after changing factor being investigated

Question 33

The variables

Answer 33

Independent variable : distance of the potometer and a light source
Dependent : could be the distance moved by the bubble in a set time

Question 34

Variables

Answer 34

Independent : the distance between the potometer and a light source
Dependent : the distance moved by bubble in a set time
Controlled: air movement , humidity temperature