CHP 7 EXTINCTION AND DIFFERENTIAL REINFORCEMENT Flashcards
Operant extinction
responding that meets a reinforcement contingency (a normally reinforced behavior) no longer produces the reinforcer and, as a result, it falls to baseline (no reinforcer) levels
Positive reinforcement extinction
a response no longer produces the presentation of a consequence
Negative reinforcement extinction
a response no longer causes an aversive stimulus to be removed or reduced
escape extinction
responding that meets the negative reinforcement contingency (a normally reinforced behavior) no longer removes or reduces the aversive event. As a result, responding decreases to baseline (no-reinforcer) levels
Partial Reinforcement Extinction Effect (PREE)
direction relation between prior reinforcement rate and how quickly behavior undergoes extinction (high rate of reinforcement–>behav quickly declines to baseline levels, low rate of reinforcement –> slow behavior decrease to baseline levels)
Motivation
the more the reinforcer is needed, the more persistent behavior will be during extinction
Spontaneous recovery of operant behavior
temporary resumption in operant responding following time away from the extinction setting
Effects of extinction
Primary: behavior extinguishes
Secondary: extinction-induced emotional behavior; extinction burst; extinction-induced variability; extinction-induced resurgence
Extinction-induced emotional behavior
emotional behavior increases when extinction occurs (secondary effect of operant extinction)
Extinction burst
a temporary increase in the rate, magnitude, or duration of the previously reinforced response (secondary effect of operant extinction)
Extinction-induced variability
an increase in the variety of operant responses topographies following extinction (try different behaviors once the behavior no longer triggers a reinforcer) (secondary effect of operant extinction)
Extinction-induced resurgence
when one operant behavior is extinguished, other (different) behaviors that were previously reinforced are emitted again (trying other behaviors that were once previously reinforced when the current reinforced behavior isn’t working) (secondary effect of operant extinction)
Functional analysis of behavior
the scientific method used to 1) determine if a problem behavior is operant; 2) identify the reinforcer that maintains that operant
Automatic reinforcer
a consequence that’s directly produced by the response (not provided by someone else) and which increases the behavior above a no-reinforcer baseline
Differential reinforcement
a procedure in which a previously reinforced behavior is placed on extinction while a 2nd behavior is reinforced (dec in the 1st behavior, inc in the 2nd)
Differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI)
the other behavior is a response that’s topographically incompatible with the behavior problem (a behavior that’s impossible to do whilst doing the problem behavior)
Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA)
the reinforced response can be any adaptive behavior
Functional communication training (FCT)
problematic demands for attention are extinguished while appropriate requests are established + reinforced
Differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO)
reinforcement is provided contingent upon abstaining from the problem behavior for a specified interval of time (presumably while the “other behavior” is occurring)
Differential reinforcement of variability
responses, or patterns of responses, that have either never been emitted or have not been emitted in quite some time are reinforced and repetition of recent response topographies are extinguished
Differential reinforcement of high-rate behavior (DRH)
low-rate responding is put on extinction and high-rate responding is reinforced
Differential reinforcement of low-rate behavior (DRL)
responding quickly is extinguished and responding slowly is reinforced
