Chp. 6 Vocab Flashcards
alloy
A metallic substance that is composed of two or more
elements.
atom percent
concentration specification on the basis
of the number of atoms of a particular element
relative to the total number of atoms of all elements
within an alloy.
Burgers vector (b)
A vector that denotes the magnitude and
direction of lattice distortion associated with a dislocation.
composition
The relative content of a particular element
or constituent within an alloy.
defect structure
Relating to the kinds and concentrations of
vacancies and interstitials in a ceramic compound.
edge dislocation
A linear crystalline defect associated with the
lattice distortion along the end of an extra half-plane of atoms.
electroneutrality
The state of having exactly the same numbers
of positive and negative electrical charges (ionic and
electronic)—that is, of being electrically neutral.
Frenkel defect
In an ionic solid, a cation–vacancy and cation–
interstitial pair.
grain size
The average grain diameter as determined from a
random cross section.
imperfection
A deviation from perfection; normally applied to
crystalline materials in which there is a deviation from atomic/
molecular order and/or continuity.
interstitial solid solution
A solid solution in which relatively
small solute atoms occupy interstitial positions between the
solvent or host atoms.
microscopy
The investigation of microstructural elements using
some type of microscope.
microstructure
of microscope.
microstructure. The structural features of an alloy (e.g., grain
and phase structure) subject to observation under a microscope.
mixed dislocation
A dislocation that has both edge and screw
components.
photomicrograph
A photograph made with a microscope that
records a microstructural image.
point defect
A crystalline defect associated with one or, at
most, several atomic sites.
scanning electron microscope (SEM)
A microscope that employs an electron beam that raster-scans the specimen surface; an image is produced from reflected electrons.
scanning probe microscope (SPM)
A microscope that does
produce an image using a very small
and sharp probe raster that scans across the specimen surface;
out-of-surface plane deflections in response to electronic or
other interactions with the probe are monitored, from which a topographical map of the specimen surface is produced.
Schottky defect
In an ionic solid, a defect consisting of a
cation–vacancy and anion–vacancy pair.
screw dislocation
A linear crystalline defect produces as a helical planar ramp.
self-interstitial
A host atom or ion positioned on an interstitial
lattice site.
solid solution
A homogeneous crystalline phase that contains
two or more chemical species. Both substitutional and interstitial
solid solutions are possible.
solute
One component or element of a solution present in a
minor concentration. It is dissolved in the solvent.
solvent
The component of a solution present in the greatest
amount. It is the component that dissolves a solute.
stoichiometry
For ionic compounds, the state of having exactly
the ratio of cations to anions specified by the chemical formula.
substitutional solid solution
A solid solution in which the solute
atoms replace or substitute for the host atoms.
transmission electron microscope (TEM)
A microscope that
produces an image from an electron beam that is scattered or diffracted while passing through the specimen.
vacancy
A normally occupied lattice site from which an atom
or ion is missing.
