Chp. 6 Vocab

Question 1

alloy

Answer 1

A metallic substance that is composed of two or more

elements.

Question 2

atom percent

Answer 2

concentration specification on the basis
of the number of atoms of a particular element
relative to the total number of atoms of all elements
within an alloy.

Question 3

Burgers vector (b)

Answer 3

A vector that denotes the magnitude and

direction of lattice distortion associated with a dislocation.

Question 4

composition

Answer 4

The relative content of a particular element

or constituent within an alloy.

Question 5

defect structure

Answer 5

Relating to the kinds and concentrations of

vacancies and interstitials in a ceramic compound.

Question 6

edge dislocation

Answer 6

A linear crystalline defect associated with the

lattice distortion along the end of an extra half-plane of atoms.

Question 7

electroneutrality

Answer 7

The state of having exactly the same numbers
of positive and negative electrical charges (ionic and
electronic)—that is, of being electrically neutral.

Question 8

Frenkel defect

Answer 8

In an ionic solid, a cation–vacancy and cation–

interstitial pair.

Question 9

grain size

Answer 9

The average grain diameter as determined from a

random cross section.

Question 10

imperfection

Answer 10

A deviation from perfection; normally applied to
crystalline materials in which there is a deviation from atomic/
molecular order and/or continuity.

Question 11

interstitial solid solution

Answer 11

A solid solution in which relatively
small solute atoms occupy interstitial positions between the
solvent or host atoms.

Question 12

microscopy

Answer 12

The investigation of microstructural elements using

some type of microscope.

Question 13

microstructure

Answer 13

of microscope.
microstructure. The structural features of an alloy (e.g., grain
and phase structure) subject to observation under a microscope.

Question 14

mixed dislocation

Answer 14

A dislocation that has both edge and screw

components.

Question 15

photomicrograph

Answer 15

A photograph made with a microscope that

records a microstructural image.

Question 16

point defect

Answer 16

A crystalline defect associated with one or, at

most, several atomic sites.

Question 17

scanning electron microscope (SEM)

Answer 17

A microscope that employs an electron beam that raster-scans the specimen surface; an image is produced from reflected electrons.

Question 18

scanning probe microscope (SPM)

Answer 18

A microscope that does
produce an image using a very small
and sharp probe raster that scans across the specimen surface;
out-of-surface plane deflections in response to electronic or
other interactions with the probe are monitored, from which a topographical map of the specimen surface is produced.

Question 19

Schottky defect

Answer 19

In an ionic solid, a defect consisting of a

cation–vacancy and anion–vacancy pair.

Question 20

screw dislocation

Answer 20

A linear crystalline defect produces as a helical planar ramp.

Question 21

self-interstitial

Answer 21

A host atom or ion positioned on an interstitial

lattice site.

Question 22

solid solution

Answer 22

A homogeneous crystalline phase that contains
two or more chemical species. Both substitutional and interstitial
solid solutions are possible.

Question 23

solute

Answer 23

One component or element of a solution present in a

minor concentration. It is dissolved in the solvent.

Question 24

solvent

Answer 24

The component of a solution present in the greatest

amount. It is the component that dissolves a solute.

Question 25

stoichiometry

Answer 25

For ionic compounds, the state of having exactly

the ratio of cations to anions specified by the chemical formula.

Question 26

substitutional solid solution

Answer 26

A solid solution in which the solute

atoms replace or substitute for the host atoms.

Question 27

transmission electron microscope (TEM)

Answer 27

A microscope that

produces an image from an electron beam that is scattered or diffracted while passing through the specimen.

Question 28

vacancy

Answer 28

A normally occupied lattice site from which an atom

or ion is missing.