Chp 6 Central & Peripheral NS Flashcards
List three major functions of the nervous system
Sensory input, integration, motor output
List the components of the central nervous system
The brain and spinal cord
What is the function of the frontal lobe?
Sends neural impulses to the skeletal muscles to initiate and control the development of muscle tension and movement of our body parts
What is the function of the parietal lobe?
Interprets sensory impulses received from the skin, internal organs, muscles, joints
What is the function of the occipital lobe?
Responsible for vision
What is the function of the temporal lobe?
Speech, hearing, vision, memory and emotion
List the three major parts of the diencephalon & their functions
Thalamus, hypothalamus and epithalamus
List the three major parts of the brain stem & their functions
Midbrain, Pons & medulla oblongata
List the three tissues that make up the meninges from outermost to innermost
- Dura mater
- Arachnoid mater
- Pia mater
List the components of the peripheral nervous system
- 12 pairs of cranial nerves
- 31 pairs of spinal nerves
Name & function of…
I
Olfactory- smell
Name and function of…
II
Optic- sight
Name and function of…
III
Oculomotor- eye movements
Name and function of…
VIII
Vestibulocochlear- hearing, balance
Name and function of…
IX
Glossopharyngeal- throat muscle movements, taste
Name and function of…
X
Vagus- autonomic control of heart, lungs, digestion, taste, communication between brain and organs
List the four types of spinal nerves from superior to inferior
- Cervical plexus
- Brachial plexus
- Lumbar plexus
- Sacral plexus
List the 4 nerve plexuses and the major body areas they serve
- Cervical plexus- C1-C5 (diaphragm, skin, muscle of neck/shoulder)
- Brachial plexus- (skin & muscle of shoulder)
- Lumbar plexus- L1-L4 (skin of medial and anterior thigh)
- Sacral plexus- L4-L5; S1-S5 (hamstring, knees, lower legs)
Describe the following Trumatic brain injury:
Concussion
Sight and transient brain injury
Describe the following Trumatic brain injury:
Contusion
Trumatic injury the destroys brain tissue
Describe the following Trumatic brain injury:
Cerebral Edema
After head injury, retention of water by brain
Describe the following Trumatic brain injury:
Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA)
Results when a brain region is deprived of blood or exposed to prolonged ischemia
Describe the following Trumatic brain injury:
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
A mini stroke fleeting symptoms of CVA
Describe the following disease of the nervous system:
Alzheimer’s disease (senile dementia)
- Progressive loss of brain function with major consequences for memory, thinking and behavior
- early onset: before 60
- late onset: after 60
Describe the following disease of the nervous system:
Multiple sclerosis
Chronic, slowly progressive disease of the central nervous system that destroys the myelin sheath of nerve cell axons
Sulcus
A groove b/w adjacent gyrion on the outer surface of the brain
Gyrus
A curved, raised area on the brain
Central sulcus
Landmark separating the parietal lobe from the front lobe
Longitudinal fissure
Deep groove that separates two hemispheres
Cerebrospinal fluid
Clear watery fluid that fills the space b/w arachnoid membrane and the pia mater
Afferent nerve
Sensory transmitters that send impulses from receptors in the skin, muscles and joints
Efferent nerve
Motor transmitters that carry impulses from the CNS to muscles and glands
Mixed nerve
- contain both a afferent & efferent axons
- conduct both incoming sensory info and outgoing muscle commands in the same bundle
