Chp 5: Sensation

Question 1

Sound

Answer 1

A repetitive fluctuation in the pressure of a medium
(Medium is air)

Question 2

Amplitude

Answer 2

Intensity or amount of energy of energy of a wave
-How loud a sound is
-The amount of volume
-Higher the amplitude → Louder the sound
-Measured in decibels

Question 3

Frequency

Answer 3

Rate of vibration
-Number of sound waves per min
-How high pitched or low pitched a sound is
-Lower the frequency → lower the pitch
-Measured in hertz

Question 4

Timbre

Answer 4

Quality of sound

Question 5

Outer ear

Answer 5

Function: Collects sound waves
- Pinna, ear canal, & eardrum

Question 6

Middle ear

Answer 6

Function: Amplifies sound
- Makes it louder for us to hear
Hammer →Malleus
Anvil →Incus
Stirrup →Staples

Question 7

Inner ear

Answer 7

Function: Where sound is transduced into neural impulses
-Cochlea
-Basilar membrane
-Hair cells

Question 8

Cochlea

Answer 8

Coiled fluid filled inner ear structure that contains basilar membrane & hair cells

Question 9

Basilar membrane

Answer 9

Membrane within cochlea that contains hair cells
-Inner ear

Question 10

Hair cells

Answer 10

Hair like sensory receptors for sound
-Damage to hair cells can result in hearing loss
-Inner ear

Question 11

Frequency theory

Answer 11

Basilar membrane vibrates at the same frequency of the sound wave
-Associated with low pitch sounds

Question 12

Place theory

Answer 12

Different frequencies cause larger vibrations at different places along the basilar membrane
-Associated with high pitch sounds

Question 13

Chemical senses

Answer 13

Olfaction: Sense of smell
Gustalion: Sense of taste

Question 14

Body senses

Answer 14

Touch & temperate pain
Kinesthelic: Location of the body
Vestibular: Balance

Question 15

Olfaction

Answer 15

Sense of smell
Steps
1) Airborne odor molecules (Perfume)
2) Go through nose
3) Travel to top of nasal cavity
4) Stimulate receptors
5) Enter olfactory bulb, where it is sent to different parts of the brain

Question 16

Gustalion

Answer 16

Sense of taste
-Taste buds lifespan 10 days - 2 weeks, always changing
-Taste buds tell us a lot; smell, aroma, temp, texture
-Taste buds grow right back, can’t be destroyed

Question 17

Kinesthetic

Answer 17

Sense of location and position of the body plays in relation to one another
-Big for athletes
-Body sense

Question 18

Pheromones

Answer 18

Secreted or excreted chemical factor that triggers a social response in members of the same species

Question 19

Skin

Answer 19

-Largest & heaviest sense organ
-Contains many types of sensory receptors
-Some specialized receptors respond to one stimulus, others respond to more than one
-Sensory receptors distributed unevenly among different body areas, (face has the most)

Question 20

Pacinian Corpuscle

Answer 20

Located beneath the skin and sends neural messages to brain
-When stimulated, sensory adaptation occurs when pressure is constant
-Throughout the skin
-When touched sends signals to brain

Question 21

A delta fibers

Answer 21

Represents fast pain
-Sharp, intense but short

Question 22

C fibers

Answer 22

Represents slow pain
-Throbbing, burning

Question 23

Proprioceptors

Answer 23

Sensory receptors in muscle joints that provide information about body position and movement

Question 24

Vestibular

Answer 24

Body sense of balance, equilibrium
-Located in ear, begins and ends in the ear
-Responding to changes in gravity, motion, and body position

Question 25

Sensation

Answer 25

When sensory information is detected by a sensory receptor