Chp 3: Parts of brain & functions Flashcards
Gyri
Lumpy parts of brain
Sulci
Folds in brain, indentations
Fissure
Deep folding, separates left & right hemispheres
Corpus collosum
-Connects the left & right hemispheres
-Allows both sides to work together
Left hemisphere controls …
The right side of the body
Right hemisphere controls …
Left side of the body
Forebrain
Location top half
Midbrain
Location: Middle of brain
Hindbrain
Location: Lower brain
Made up of: Pons, medulla, and cerebellum
Frontal lobe
Location: Front of brain
Function: Boss of emotional control
Parietal lobe
Location: Back top of brain
Function: Sensations, dealing with, acting environment
Damage to right side of parietal lobe: results in trouble finding yourself around
Damage to left side of parietal lobe: Difficulty understanding, reading, comprehending
Occipital lobe
Location: Back-lower brain
Function: Vision
Temporal lobe
Location: Lower-side of brain
Function: Language, hearing, memory
Pons
Location: Hind brain
Function: Connects hind brain to the rest of the brain, bridge, involved in sleep
Medulla
Location: Hindbrain
Function: Automatic processes (lungs, heart rate, blood pressure)
Cerebellum
Location: Hindbrain
Function: Balance & coordination
Thalamus
Location: Forebrain
Function: Sensory relay for brain, all senses expect smell are routed through
Limbic system
Location: Forebrain
Function: Mediating emotional response and memory
Hippocampus
Location: Forebrain, apart of limbic system
Function: Processes memory and learning
Amygdala
Location: Forebrain, apart of the limbic system
Function: Processes memory when fearful, trauma
Pierre Paul Broca
Discovered that people who have damage to Broca’s area part of the brain have a hard time speaking clearly
Carl Wernicke
Discovered that damage to the left hemisphere results in difficulty understanding, can talk clearly and fine but can’t understand/comprehend what they’re saying
Neuroplasticity
The ability to change function and structure
Functional plasticity
The brain’s ability to move functions from a damaged area of the brain after trauma, to other undamaged areas
Structural plasticity
The brain’s ability to adapt to environmental changes, to learn, to repair itself after damage or disease
Endocrine system
Consists of series of glands that produce chemical substances known as hormones
Hormones
Are secreted into the blood stream, travels throughout the body
Pituitary gland
Master hormone, master gland: Controls all the other glands
Thyroid gland
Regulates metabolism and appetite
Adrenal gland
Regulates stress response, adrenaline
Pancreas gland
Regulates blood sugar levels
Gonads gland
Sexual female
Testtes gland
Sexual male
Somatosensory cortex
Location: Parietal lobe
Function: Receiving and processing sensory information from across the body, such as touch, temperature, and pain
Motor cortex
Location: Frontal lobe
Function: Initiating movements
Depolarize
Change within the cell
Cerebral Cortex
Location: Outer layer on top of cerebrum
Function: Higher-level processes of the human brain, language, memory, reasoning, thought, learning, decision-making, emotion, intelligence and personality
-Makes up 80% of brain
