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Microbiology 1 > Chp 3 -Structures and Function of the Bacterial Cell > Flashcards

Chp 3 -Structures and Function of the Bacterial Cell Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 2 types of glycocalyx?

A

Capsule

Slime layer

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2
Q

What parts are present in all bacteria cells?

A 
Cytoplasm
Cell Membrane (plasma membrane)
Cell wall
Ribosome
Nucleoid
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3
Q

What parts are variable parts in bacteria cells?

A 
Flagella
Inclusion bodies
Endospore
Fimbria
Pili
Glycocalyx
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4
Q

What are mycoplasmas?

A

Bacteria without a cell wall

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5
Q

What is the function of the bacterial flagella?

A

Movement

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6
Q

What are the 3 parts that compose bacterial flagella?

A

1- Filament
2- Hook
3- Basal Body

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7
Q

What anchors the filament and hook to the cell wall by a rod and a series of either 2 or 4 rings of integral proteins?

A

Basal Body

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8
Q

How many rings are there in Gram-negative bacteria?

A

4 rings

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9
Q

How many rings are there in Gram-positive bacteria?

A

2 rings

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10
Q

What rings are most important in bacteria and why?

A

The first 2 rings are most important because they are present in gram - & +

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11
Q

What are the 4 types of arrangement of flagella in bacteria?

A

1- Monotrichous
2- Amphitrichous
3- Lophotrichous
4- Peritrichous

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12
Q

What is monotrichous?

A

1 flagellum (bacteria)

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13
Q

What is amphitrchous?

A

1 flagella located at both ends, total of 2. (bacteria)

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14
Q

What is lophotrichous?

A

Several flagella at one end. Run= the flagella are together. Tumble= flagella seperate.

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15
Q

What is peritrichous?

A

Flagella around the whole cell. Run= flagella together. Tumble= Flagella seperate.

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16
Q

How do bacteria move with a flagella?

A

360 rotation= run and tumble

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17
Q

How do bacteria move in response to stimuli (taxis)?

A

Away or towards E. Food/toxin/chemical

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18
Q

What is run and tumble?

A 
Run= move in a single direction
Tumble= Rotation
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19
Q

What is the difference between true motility and Brownian movement?

A

True motility= Directional movement

Brownian movement= Random movement

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20
Q

Describe fimbriae and what are there function

A

They are shorter filaments when compared to flagellum

Function= for attachment

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21
Q

What is the function of pili and what is another name for pili?

A

function= transfer DNA between one another

Conjugation

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22
Q

How many pili are usually present in a bacterial cell?

A

1-3

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23
Q

What is the function of the pili?

A

DNA transfer

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24
Q

What are the functions of bacterial cell walls?

A

Shape/strength
Protection
Attachment
Pathogenicity

25
Q

What are the 2 basic types of bacterial cell walls?

A

Gram -

Gram +

26
Q

What is the structure of Gram -‘s cell wall?

A

Has outer membrane
Thinner peptidoglycan
Has periplasmic space

27
Q

Compare the thickness of peptidoglycan of gram+ and gram-

A

Gram- has a thinner peptidoglycan

28
Q

GRAM- OR GRAM+

Has an outer membrane

A

Gram -

29
Q

What are the 2 amino acids that compose the sugar backbone of peptidoglycan?

A 
NAM = N-acetlymuramic acid
NAG = N-acetlyglucosamine
30
Q

What connects one layer of peptidoglycan to the next layer?

A

By 4 amino acids= Tetrapeptide

31
Q

GRAM - OR GRAM+

Teichoic acid present in ______.

A

Gram +

Does not have an outer membrane

32
Q

What is meant by LPS?

A

Lipopolysaccharide

33
Q

What is the importance of lipid A?

Is it found in Gram- or Gram +?

A

It is also called an endotoxin.
Importance= pathogenicity; continues to cause symptoms after disease is dead. Ex. Temp, fever
Only found in Gram -

34
Q

What is the color of the cells of Gram+ and Gram- bacteria after GRAM staining?

A

Gram+ Purple

Gram- Pink or lighter

35
Q

Cell walls of acid-fast bacteria, have 60% ______ acids which function for ______.

A

Mycolic acid

Protection

36
Q

What is the gram-reaction of acid-fast bacteria?

What are some examples of acid-fast bacteria?

A

G+

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
M. leprae
M. smegmatis
M. phlei

37
Q

Differentiate archae cell walls from bacteria cell walls?

A 
Archae= Cell walls lack peptidoglycan
Bacteria= Cell walls have peptidoglycan
38
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Movement of solute from high to low; passive (requires no energy)

39
Q

What is facilitated diffusion?

A

A protein; still passive and high to low

40
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Movement of water from low to high (of solute). Passive

41
Q

What is active transport?

A

Requires ATP; either endo or exo

42
Q

What are the functions of bacterial cell membranes?

A 
Permeability barrier
Transport
Energy production
Photosynthesis= takes place in plasma/ cell membrane
Synthesis of other substances
43
Q

What is the effect of an isotonic solution on cells with a cell wall and without?

A

No net; no movement

44
Q

What is the effect of a hypertonic solution on cells with a cell wall and without?

A

With cell wall= water exits the cell

Without cell wall= water exits the cell causing cell to shrink

45
Q

What is cytosol?

A

Solvent of the cell

46
Q

What are inclusion bodies?

A

Storage compartments that hold nutrients

47
Q

What genera of bacteria produced endospores?

A

Bacillus & Clostridium

48
Q

Is endospore formation a method of reproduction?

Why?

A

No

Because 1 cell can reproduce 2 cells and 2 cells can reproduce cells and etc.

49
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

A

Protein synthesis

50
Q

Compare structure of bacterial ribosomes with eukaryotic ribosomes?

A

Eukaryotic ribosomes are larger; heavier

51
Q

Compare eukaryotic ribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes concerning weight

A

Eukaryote Ribosome: sub-units= 30s, 50s Total= 70s

Prokaryotic Ribosome: sub-unites= 40s, 60s Total= 80s

52
Q

What is a virus?

A

Obligate acellular parasite

53
Q

Compare the size of viruses to that of bacteria?

A

Viruses are very small

54
Q

A virus can have DNA or RNA?

A

Can have DNA or RNA but never both

55
Q

What is virion?

A

A virus outside of the cell (completely harmless), a dormant state of virus.

56
Q

What are the parts of a virion?

A

Capsid
Nucleic Acid
Envelope

57
Q

What characteristics make viruses similar with other microorganisms?

A

Made out of proteins
Either DNA or RNA
Have genetic information

58
Q

What are the types of morphological shapes of a virus?

A

1- Helical: tube in a capsule
2- Polyhedral: Many sides (stop sign) in a capsule
3- Enveloped: Made up of lipids and carbohydrates
4- Complex: Has tail fibers

59
Q

What do viruses need to make more viruses?

A

A host cell

Microbiology 1 (4 decks)

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