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Microbiology 1 > Chp 3 -Structures and Function of the Bacterial Cell > Flashcards

Chp 3 -Structures and Function of the Bacterial Cell Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 types of glycocalyx?

A

Capsule

Slime layer

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2
Q

What parts are present in all bacteria cells?

A 
Cytoplasm
Cell Membrane (plasma membrane)
Cell wall
Ribosome
Nucleoid
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3
Q

What parts are variable parts in bacteria cells?

A 
Flagella
Inclusion bodies
Endospore
Fimbria
Pili
Glycocalyx
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4
Q

What are mycoplasmas?

A

Bacteria without a cell wall

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5
Q

What is the function of the bacterial flagella?

A

Movement

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6
Q

What are the 3 parts that compose bacterial flagella?

A

1- Filament
2- Hook
3- Basal Body

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7
Q

What anchors the filament and hook to the cell wall by a rod and a series of either 2 or 4 rings of integral proteins?

A

Basal Body

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8
Q

How many rings are there in Gram-negative bacteria?

A

4 rings

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9
Q

How many rings are there in Gram-positive bacteria?

A

2 rings

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10
Q

What rings are most important in bacteria and why?

A

The first 2 rings are most important because they are present in gram - & +

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11
Q

What are the 4 types of arrangement of flagella in bacteria?

A

1- Monotrichous
2- Amphitrichous
3- Lophotrichous
4- Peritrichous

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12
Q

What is monotrichous?

A

1 flagellum (bacteria)

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13
Q

What is amphitrchous?

A

1 flagella located at both ends, total of 2. (bacteria)

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14
Q

What is lophotrichous?

A

Several flagella at one end. Run= the flagella are together. Tumble= flagella seperate.

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15
Q

What is peritrichous?

A

Flagella around the whole cell. Run= flagella together. Tumble= Flagella seperate.

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16
Q

How do bacteria move with a flagella?

A

360 rotation= run and tumble

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17
Q

How do bacteria move in response to stimuli (taxis)?

A

Away or towards E. Food/toxin/chemical

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18
Q

What is run and tumble?

A 
Run= move in a single direction
Tumble= Rotation
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19
Q

What is the difference between true motility and Brownian movement?

A

True motility= Directional movement

Brownian movement= Random movement

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20
Q

Describe fimbriae and what are there function

A

They are shorter filaments when compared to flagellum

Function= for attachment

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21
Q

What is the function of pili and what is another name for pili?

A

function= transfer DNA between one another

Conjugation

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22
Q

How many pili are usually present in a bacterial cell?

A

1-3

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23
Q

What is the function of the pili?

A

DNA transfer

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24
Q

What are the functions of bacterial cell walls?

A

Shape/strength
Protection
Attachment
Pathogenicity

25
What are the 2 basic types of bacterial cell walls?
Gram - | Gram +
26
What is the structure of Gram -'s cell wall?
Has outer membrane Thinner peptidoglycan Has periplasmic space
27
Compare the thickness of peptidoglycan of gram+ and gram-
Gram- has a thinner peptidoglycan
28
GRAM- OR GRAM+ Has an outer membrane
Gram -
29
What are the 2 amino acids that compose the sugar backbone of peptidoglycan?
``` NAM = N-acetlymuramic acid NAG = N-acetlyglucosamine ```
30
What connects one layer of peptidoglycan to the next layer?
By 4 amino acids= Tetrapeptide
31
GRAM - OR GRAM+ Teichoic acid present in ______.
Gram + | Does not have an outer membrane
32
What is meant by LPS?
Lipopolysaccharide
33
What is the importance of lipid A? | Is it found in Gram- or Gram +?
It is also called an endotoxin. Importance= pathogenicity; continues to cause symptoms after disease is dead. Ex. Temp, fever Only found in Gram -
34
What is the color of the cells of Gram+ and Gram- bacteria after GRAM staining?
Gram+ Purple | Gram- Pink or lighter
35
Cell walls of acid-fast bacteria, have 60% ______ acids which function for ______.
Mycolic acid | Protection
36
What is the gram-reaction of acid-fast bacteria? | What are some examples of acid-fast bacteria?
G+ Mycobacterium tuberculosis M. leprae M. smegmatis M. phlei
37
Differentiate archae cell walls from bacteria cell walls?
``` Archae= Cell walls lack peptidoglycan Bacteria= Cell walls have peptidoglycan ```
38
What is diffusion?
Movement of solute from high to low; passive (requires no energy)
39
What is facilitated diffusion?
A protein; still passive and high to low
40
What is osmosis?
Movement of water from low to high (of solute). Passive
41
What is active transport?
Requires ATP; either endo or exo
42
What are the functions of bacterial cell membranes?
``` Permeability barrier Transport Energy production Photosynthesis= takes place in plasma/ cell membrane Synthesis of other substances ```
43
What is the effect of an isotonic solution on cells with a cell wall and without?
No net; no movement
44
What is the effect of a hypertonic solution on cells with a cell wall and without?
With cell wall= water exits the cell | Without cell wall= water exits the cell causing cell to shrink
45
What is cytosol?
Solvent of the cell
46
What are inclusion bodies?
Storage compartments that hold nutrients
47
What genera of bacteria produced endospores?
Bacillus & Clostridium
48
Is endospore formation a method of reproduction? | Why?
No | Because 1 cell can reproduce 2 cells and 2 cells can reproduce cells and etc.
49
What is the function of ribosomes?
Protein synthesis
50
Compare structure of bacterial ribosomes with eukaryotic ribosomes?
Eukaryotic ribosomes are larger; heavier
51
Compare eukaryotic ribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes concerning weight
Eukaryote Ribosome: sub-units= 30s, 50s Total= 70s Prokaryotic Ribosome: sub-unites= 40s, 60s Total= 80s
52
What is a virus?
Obligate acellular parasite
53
Compare the size of viruses to that of bacteria?
Viruses are very small
54
A virus can have DNA or RNA?
Can have DNA or RNA but never both
55
What is virion?
A virus outside of the cell (completely harmless), a dormant state of virus.
56
What are the parts of a virion?
Capsid Nucleic Acid Envelope
57
What characteristics make viruses similar with other microorganisms?
Made out of proteins Either DNA or RNA Have genetic information
58
What are the types of morphological shapes of a virus?
1- Helical: tube in a capsule 2- Polyhedral: Many sides (stop sign) in a capsule 3- Enveloped: Made up of lipids and carbohydrates 4- Complex: Has tail fibers
59
What do viruses need to make more viruses?
A host cell

Microbiology 1 (4 decks)

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