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Microbiology 1 > Chp 1 -Introduction & History > Flashcards

Chp 1 -Introduction & History Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Name 5 major groups of microorganisms

A 
Bacteria/Archaea
Fungi
Protozoa
Algae
Viruses
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2
Q

BACTERIA/ ARCHAEA

Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes:
Unicellular or multicellular:
Mode of nutrition:

A

Prokaryotes
Unicellular
Absorptive

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3
Q

YEASTS

Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes:
Unicellular or Multicellular:
Mode of nutrition:

A

Eukaryotes
Unicellular
Absorptive

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4
Q

MOLDS

Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes:
Unicellular or Multicellular:
Mode of nutrition:

A

Eukaryotes
Multicellular
Absorptive

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5
Q

PROTOZOA

Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes
Unicellular or Multicellular
Mode of nutrition

A

Eukaryotes
Unicellular
Ingestive

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6
Q

ALGAE

Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes
Unicellular or Multicellular
Mode of nutrition

A

Eukaryotes
Uni/Multi BOTH
Photosynthetic

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7
Q

3 major shapes of bacteria

A
  1. Bacillus (rod- shaped)
  2. Coccus (spherical- shaped)
  3. Spiral-shaped
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8
Q

What is the cell arrangement for streptococci?

A

A chain of coccus shaped bacteria

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9
Q

What is the cell arrangement for tetrad?

A

4 coccus shaped bacteria

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10
Q

What is the cell arrangement for sarcinae?

A

8 coccus shaped bacteria

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11
Q

What is the cell arrangement for staphylococci?

A

A cluster of coccus shaped bacteria

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12
Q

What is the cell arrangement for streptobacilli?

A

A chain of bacillus shaped bacteria

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13
Q

What is the cell arrangement for coccobacillus?

A

A shape of bacteria in-between a coccus and bacillus

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14
Q

What are the 3 types of spiral- shaped bacteria?

A

Vibrio (coma)
Spirilium (loose spirals)
Spirochete (tight spirals)

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15
Q

Compare yeasts from molds?

A

Similarities: Both Fungi and are Eukaryotic

Differences: Yeast is unicellular
Mold is multicellular

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16
Q

What is hypha?

What is mycelium?

A

Hyphae- single muscle fibers
Mycelium- groups of hyphae

Groups of mycelium = mold

17
Q

What is pseudo-mycelium and how is it formed?

A

It is a false mycelium. It is when 2 yeast cells do not seperate.

18
Q

What are the 4 classes of protozoans on how they move?

A

1- Sporazoa= no movement, moves through biological vecture
ex. mosquito
2- Sarcodina= “fake foot” pseudopidia
ex. amoeba
3. Flagellate= movement by a flagella, tail
4. Ciliata= movement by cilia, little hairs

19
Q

Why are viruses called acellular obligate intracellular parasites?

A

They are not made up of cells

20
Q

What makes viruses different from the other microorganisms?

A

Viruses are very specific to the host cells.

21
Q

Where can you find microorganisms in nature?

A

EVERYWHERE

22
Q

What are factors that are required for microorganisms to grow?

A 
Food
water
proper O2
Temp
pH
23
Q

What happens if one or two of the growth requirements in not met for microoragnisms?

A

The microorganisms will not grow

24
Q

Who discovered the microbial world?

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

25
Q

Who was named the Father of protozoology and bacteriology?

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

26
Q

What is spontaneous generation theory?

A

Organisms arise spontaneously from non-living matter

27
Q

Who believed in spontaneous generation theory?

A

Aristotle
Van Helmont
John Needham
Comte de Buffon

28
Q

Who did not believe in spontaneous generation theory?

A

Redi
Spallanzani
Pasteur

29
Q

Who said that mice arose form old rags and wheat stored in the dark?

A

Van Helmont

30
Q

Who showed that maggots do not spontaneously arise from rotting meat?

A

Redi

31
Q

Who finally disproved the theory of spontaneous generation?

A

Louis Pasteur

32
Q

What were the early ideas about infectious diseases?

A

Evil spirits, sin, supernatural forces, and vapors

33
Q

What is the germ theory of diseases?

And who proposed it?

A

Infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms (germs)

Proposed by Pasteur

34
Q

Who showed that Bacillus anthracis caused anthrax and Mycobacterium tuberculosis caused tuberculosis?

A

Robert Koch

35
Q

What are Koch’s postulates? (4 steps)

What is the significance of these steps?

A

1- Microorganisms present in every case of the disease
2- Microorganisms must be grown in pure culture
3- Same disease when second host inoculated with pure culture
4- Microorganisms must be isolated from the infected host

To show a microbe causes a specific disease

36
Q

What nurse is responsible for hand washing?

A

Ignaz Semmelweis

37
Q

What nurse is responsible for introducing the septic technique?
(separating dirty & clean linens)

A

Florence Nightingale

Microbiology 1 (4 decks)

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