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Engineer School > Chp 3 Apparatus Safety > Flashcards

Chp 3 Apparatus Safety Flashcards

1
Q

NFPA for driver qualifications

A

NFPA 1002 Standard for Fire Apparatus Diver/Operator Professional Qualifications (requires FF1 cert)
Aerial is governed by NFPA 1001 Standard for Fire Fighter Professional Qualifiications

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2
Q

Driver abilities

A

Reading: mfg, fire service manuals, maps
Computer: access records, submit reports
Writing: forms, repair requests
Mathematical: solve equations
Fitness: in accordance with NFPA 1500
Visual acuity: NFPA 1582
Hearing: NFPA 1582

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3
Q

Licensing requirements

A

Set by DOT, altered by states
Some require CDL

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4
Q

Driving regulations

A

Federal laws, state vehicle codes, city ordinances, NFPA, and dept policies regulate drivers
Regs are set for ideal conditions, adjust for less than
Can be exemptions for speed, direction and parking
Failure to follow is civil or criminal also for dept
Not exempt from reckless disregard

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5
Q

Reckless disregard

A

Do something dangerous while ignoring possible consequences (worse than negligence)

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6
Q

Negligence

A

Breach of duty by failing to perform at standard of reasonable person
Usually gross violation of laws or policies, DUI

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7
Q

Gross negligence

A

Willful and wanton disregard, DUI

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8
Q

Due regard

A

Not relieved of obligation to operate with due regard for the safety of others

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9
Q

Intersection most likely place of accident

A

note
NIOSH publishes vehicle fatalities report

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10
Q

Situational awareness

A

Perception of ones surrounding environment and the ability to anticipate future events

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11
Q

Collision causes

A

Backing
Reckless driving
Speeding
Lack of skill, experience
Overload and misuse
Mechanical failure
Driver readiness

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12
Q

Reckless driving examples

A

Speeding
Going on soft shoulder
Distracted driving
Ignore weight limits
Tailgating
Not yielding to other EMS
Panic

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13
Q

Brake fade

A

Overheated brakes don’t stop as effectively
Caused by excessive speed
No way to mitigate other than driving well

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14
Q

Lack of driving skill causes

A

Overconfidence in driving ability
Inability to recognize danger (42%)
False sense of security from a good driving record
Misunderstanding apparatus capabilities
Insufficient training

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15
Q

Driver readiness causes

A

Substance abuse
Rx drugs
Personal issues
Death of loved one
Sick
Fatigue

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16
Q

Seatbelts required by

A

NFPA 1901
NFPA 1500
1500 allows backing while loading LDH (only drive forward, no tailboard riding)

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17
Q

Idling diesel engines

A

Wastes fuel
Buildup of carbon in injectors, valves and pistons
May damage engine components and emissions systems

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18
Q

DPF installed after 2007

A

High exhaust system temp indicator
DPF indicator
Manual regen switch
Regen inhibit switch
Clean, no black smoke
Regen: when hot enough dump fuel into exhaust stream to raise exhaust temp

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19
Q

SCR

A

Selective Catalyst Reductant
DEF tank must be full or reduced torque or speed (5 mph)

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20
Q

Shutting down

A

Never do it hot
Idle 3-5 minutes or
Oil film burns onto hot surfaces
Heads and exhaust manifolds damages
Turbo chargers can seize

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21
Q

Breakover angle

A

From rear tires to midpoint of the chassis

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22
Q

Lateral weight transfer

A

Rollover from turning to fast or steep slope
Minimize steering and speed

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23
Q

Axle loading

A

Affects steering and traction
Weigh to make sure within 7% from side to side and front to back ratings

24
Q

Downhill driving

A

Use service brake, aux brake and downshifting to control speed but watch rpm

25
Q

Lugging

A

Too high a gear
Causes overthrottling: injecting more fuel than can be burned causing oil dilution, wasted fuel

26
Q

Stopping in snow

A

3-15x longer
Test with brakes away from traffic

27
Q

Driving 10-39

A

Plan path well ahead
Keep big picture: see reaction of motorists
Scan the area
Visualize an escape rout for collisions
Maintain safe distance
Make sure others can see and hear you

28
Q

Audible devices

A

Must completely stop at all intersections with red light
50 mph negates sirens
incr 20 mph reduces auidible distance by 250’
EMS should travel 300’-500’ apart

29
Q

Traffic control devices

A

Strobe activated
Siren activated (blue and white indicator lights)
GPS transmitters

30
Q

Passing vehicles

A

Try not to
Stay n fast lane
Don’t pass on the right
Go opposing if you have to
Only chief buggies etc. should pass other EMS

31
Q

Visual lead time

A

The time needed to stop or perform an evasive maneuver at the current speed
Look ahead

32
Q

Braking distance

A

Distance traveled from applying brakes to complete stop

33
Q

Total stopping distance

A

Reaction time plus braking distance

34
Q

Reaction distance

A

Distance from seeing something to applying the brake

35
Q

Acceleration skid

A

Hit gas too hard
Don’t apply brakes
Ease off gas
Straighten front wheels

36
Q

Locked wheel skid

A

Braking too hard
Doesn’t matter which way the wheels are turned
Ease off the brake
Straighten the wheels
Don’t apply clutch

37
Q

Causes of skids

A

Too fast
Not anticipating obstacles
Not using aux braking devises
Bad tire pressure or tread depth

38
Q

Aux braking systems

A

NFPA 1901 requires for GVW of 36,000
Exhaust brake
Engine compression brake
Transmission output retarder
Electromagnetic retarder
Disable them in bad weather

39
Q

Exhaust brake

A

Least effective
Restricts exhaust airflow to make engine less efficient

40
Q

Engine compression brake

A

Better with shifting
Attached to engine valve train
Compresses intake air to create heat
Doesn’t affect engine temp

41
Q

Electromagnetic retarder

A

Effective
Mounted on driveline or rear axle
Electric power goes to coils which resist rotation
Dissapate heat with veins, less effective if hot
Can be applied in stages

42
Q

Transmission retarder

A

Effective
Transmission fluid is goes into housing, slows the driveline
Heats transmission fluid if too hot outside system may shut down

43
Q

Snow chains

A

Not effective in snow 3-6” deep
Or going slow or in reverse

44
Q

ATC

A

Automatic traction control
Like ABS for slippage
Transfers engine torque and applies brakes from spinning to non spinning wheels

45
Q

Driver controlled differential lock

A

On some aerials
Locks both wheels to turn at the same rate during slippery conditions
Not for every day driving or driving down hill
Tires make scrubbing sound

46
Q

Interaxle differential lock

A

Locks the differential between the two rear axles
Can shfit in while moving or not
Ease on gas first and don’t apply if already spinning

47
Q

Stability control systems

A

Roll stability control: part of ABS, senses lateral force from turns and applies engine brake then brakes
Electronic stability control: applies brakes individually to steer truck the way you are steering
Stability system safety: remember these don’t improve cornering ability, just correct for rollovers

48
Q

Backing

A

Park so you don’t have to
Walk around
Use spotters with safety vests, driver side 8-10’ back
Light up the spotter
Use portable radios and hand signals
Two blasts of the horn before starting

49
Q

Stowing equipment

A

Brackets must hold 10x the weight of the equipment

50
Q

Hose chute

A

Drive 5 mph to deploy 7’ of hose/sec

51
Q

Always open drain or bleeder valve before removing intake or discharge caps

A

Note

52
Q

Tillers are heavier and stop slower

A

Also less weight on drive axle so traction is less

53
Q

Tiller concerns

A

Distance of trailer from base of the building
Angle of trailer to tractor
Overhead clearance
Side and rear obstructions
Grades and slops of working area

54
Q

Hose loading

A

Allowed by NFPA 1500
Always drive forward at 5mph
Everyone must be trained
One member must be safety
Close off traffic
Don’t stand on the apparatus

55
Q

Intersections

A

Most common place for accidents
NFPA 1500 requires full stop and account for all lanes of traffic
Make eye contact

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