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Engineer School > Chp 16 > Flashcards

Chp 16 Flashcards

1
Q

Selection criteria

A 
Maneuverability
Most common tasks required
Equipment to be carried
Budgets, planning depts
Number of crew
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2
Q

Aerial definition

A

Hydrolic ladder, platform for placing personnel or water streams in elevated positions

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3
Q

NFPA requirement

A

1901 Standard for Automotive Fire Apparatus

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4
Q

IFSTA categories

A 
Aerial ladder
Elevating platform
-Aerial ladder platform:
-Telescoping aerial platform
-Articulating aerial platform
Water tower
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5
Q

Aerial ladder

A

Power operated ladder, usually hydrolic

Rear or mid mount or tillered trailer

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6
Q

Aerial ladder truss

A

Assembly of bracing bars or rods in a triangular pattern that forms a rigid framework for the aerial device

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7
Q

Fly section

A

Extendable section

Not the base (first section)

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8
Q

Aerial material

A

Heat treated aluminium alloy (heliarced)
Steel (welded)
Or rivets holding it together

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9
Q

Aerial parts

A

Base rails or beams: lower chords to which rungs are attached
Top rails: hand rails or top chords
Rungs: attached to two base rails

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10
Q

K bracing

A

New design which has greater strength

On the rungs

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11
Q

Stabilizer

A

Transfers center of gravity to prevent tipping as aerial is extended. Aka outrigger or stabilizing jack

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12
Q

Hydraulic system components

A

Actuators: transforms power to mechanical force
Hydraulic fluid: medium to transmit force
Pump: creates force via power take off
Reservoir: removes air, heat and particles from fluid

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13
Q

Types of hydraulic pumps

A

Load sensing piston pump
Rotary vane pump
Rotary gear positive-displacement pump

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14
Q

Hydraulic fluid pressure

A

Up to 3,500 psi

So its always important to check for leaks

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15
Q

Hydraulic hose

A

Steel tubing
or aircraft type steel braided hose
Must handle pressure 4x normal operating

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16
Q

Valves

A

Start and stop hydraulic fluid

May be manual, electric, or hydraulic

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17
Q

Selector Valve

A

aka transfer or diverter valve
3 way valve that directs fluid to stabilizers or aerial
Interlock so blocks fluid to one while supplier the other

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18
Q

Double acting cylinder

A

Can receive pressurized fluid from both sides so force can be created both directions
For elevation and telescopic control of aerial and stabilizers

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19
Q

Hydraulic motors

A

Convert energy in the system to rotary motion.

Two on the rig: rotate aerial device through ring and pinion and winch drive to extend/retract aerial

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20
Q

Auxillary hydraulic pump

A

Required by NFPA 1901
Usually 12 volt DC, connected to battery (some are 110v or combustion)
Only use to bed ladder. Overheat if used more than 1 min in 1:1 rest ratio

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21
Q

Hoisting cylinder

A

Aka elevating or lift cylinder
Raise an aerial
Chrome plated with top and bottom removable caps

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22
Q

Trunnion

A

The pivoting end of the piston rod that is connected to the anchor ear by the heel pin

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23
Q

Normal hydraulic pressure

A

850 to 3,000 kPa

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24
Q

Safety valves

A

On hoisting cylinder it locks oil in cylinder if a leak or blowout.
Can only be lowered manually with bleeder valve in that case.

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25
Q

Extension cylinders

A

On new aerials

Dual cylinder on base section used to extend second section or pulleys

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26
Q

Aerial

A

2 types, aerial ladder, tillered trucks
Most common apparatus
Range 50 to 137 ft

27
Q

Working height

A

Ground to highest ladder rung at maximum elevation and extension

28
Q

Aerial functions

A 
Rescue
ventilation
Elevated master stream
Access to upper levels
Exposure protection
Also access to lower floors or rescue areas
29
Q

Aerial ladder platform def

A

Power operated ladder usually employing hydraulics with a passenger carrying device attached to the end of the ladder

30
Q

Telescoping aerial platform def

A

Elevating platform equipped with piping systems and nozzles for elevated master stream
Not meant to be climbed; only have a small ladder used for escape

31
Q

Articulating aerial platform def

A

Device with two or more booms with hinges that fold with passenger platform at the working end

32
Q

All elevating platform requirements

A

Leveling system
14 sq ft floor area
Enclosed rail system with no opening >24”
2 gates with inward swinging doors (or up)
4” kick plate (separate drain)
Two sets of controls (base can override tip)
Backup hydraulic system
Heat shield (age, dirt damage affect effectiveness)
Fog curtain nozzle at bottom at 75 gpm or more
Load capacity 750 lbs dry at any angle
500 lbs flowing
1000 gpm at 100 psi in any position
If <110’, bed to fully extended, rotate 90* in 150 seconds

33
Q

Elevating platform equipment

A 
1 or 2 master streams
Roof ladder at fly, platform, or base station
Electrical, air and hydraulic outlets
Communication system
Floodlights
Forcible entry
Handline outlets
Safety attachment point
34
Q

Aerial ladder platforms

A

Climbable ladder with working platform
Height from ground to top of highest handrail
Common 85-110’
Straight chassis, 3 axle, rear mount is most common

35
Q

Telescoping aerial platform

A

Same per NFPA but these have smaller escape ladder only
Common 75-100’
2 or more sections of box beam or tubular truss beam
Tubular steel is welded to form a box shape using cantilever or triangular truss design

36
Q

Huck bolt

A

Mechanically applied rivet used on aerials.

Can only be removed by drilling.

37
Q

Articulating aerial platforms

A

Built the same as telescoping but with hinges instead
Standard is 55-85’
Also combination with telescoping and aerials (90-174’)

38
Q

Water tower

A

Articulating or telescoping aerial primarily for deploying an elevated master stream, not climbing
Go from 0-90*
50-130’
Flow 1000-5000 gpm

39
Q

Quint

A

Pump, tank, supply and attack hose, ground ladders, aerial
Can be customized
Can supply its own elevated MS
Can protect itself from radiant heat

40
Q

Cable and pulley system

A

Corrosion resistant aircraft quality cables of plow steel,abrasion resistant
Or can use a dual chain drive
Main cable drum can be hydraulic, electric, or mechanical

41
Q

Turntable

A

Rotational structural component
Generally large shear ball bearings secured by bearing bolts
Gear teeth engage rotating grears

42
Q

Control pedestal

A

On the turntable
Some small water towers or quints may be on the back
For platforms must have two sets
3 levers for elevate, rotate, extend from right to left
Some have joysticks
Also has high idle, light switch, override switches and a bunch of others
Designed for all heights with a sloped panel

43
Q

Interlock

A

Combination of mechanical limit switches or algorithms that prevent a component from functioning when another one is.

44
Q

Interlock types

A

Aerial/stabilizer
Body collision: won’t hit cab
Rotational interlock (short jack): won’t go off short jack side
Maximum elevation slow down
Retraction
Nozzle stow: won’t cradle
Aerial function interlocks: aerial won’t go without brake etc
Cab interlock: cab won’t raise with engine running
Tiller: deadman

45
Q

Water delivery systems (waterways)

A

Pre-piped: bed ladder system or telescoping
Bed ladder: non telescoping, 3-3.5” on underside of bed section via Siamese, old, manually operated, solid stream
Telescoping: on ladders 110’ go to tip, 4” min diameter, flow up to 1000 gpm
Pinnable telescoping
Detachable ladder pipe
Elevationg platform

46
Q

Detachable ladder pipe

A

ladder pipe
3-3.5” fire hose placed in middle to avoid torsion, other end rests on the ground
Straps secure 2-3 times
Siamese fed by 2-3 2.5-3” hoses or LDH with 3-way wye; clamped on top 2 rungs of fly
Solid or fog, controlled at tip or by ropes
750 max gpm
15* rotation limit to avoid nozzle reaction torsion

47
Q

Elevating platform waterway systems

A

Same as pre-piped aerial ladder system
But nozzle is located in the platform, rather than the end of the ladder
Greater load capacity
200 gpm flow
Some have 2 nozzles and on 2.5” discharge

48
Q

Water tower systems

A

Designed for master stream deployment
Usually pumped from the apparatus
Controlled from the ground
May have camera or TIC or piercing nozzle (flows 300 gpm)

49
Q

Communication systems

A

Hands free at tip, one at platform (maybe one at pump panel)

50
Q

Breathing air systems

A

Some have, not required by NFPA 1901
Do regulate # of ff, capacity, pressure, low air warning, and govt regulations
Test annually, moisture filters have specific pressure

51
Q

Generator

A

Portable: 110-220; gas or diesel; works in compartment or remotely
Mounted: larger capacity; portable equipment and floodlights; fuel or PTO driven; noisy; have breaker panel;

52
Q

Inverter

A 
When generator is not required
Used for vehicle mounted floodlights
Steps 12v of vehicle to 110-220 volt AC
Efficient, low noise 
Small capacity, limited mobility
53
Q

GFI

A

Ground fault circuit interrupter: protects against shock

When grounding occurs, opens a circuit to stop flow of electricity

54
Q

Scene lighting

A

Portable: corded or self powered; handles and telescopes
Fixed: for overall scene lighting; raise lower or turn; or booms with bank of lights;

55
Q

Power distribution equipment

A

Power cords: 200 ft; examine daily for insulated, ground wire, waterproof, exposed wires
Junction boxes: for multiple connections; have locator light
Adapters: for mutual aid responses

56
Q

Hydraulic extrication tools

A

Spreaders, shears, combination, rams

Hoses should be 100’ or less

57
Q

Portable equipment

A

Ground ladders: attic roof and extension required (40’ is a pole ladder with bangors)
Forcible entry: plaster hook, crow bar, wrenches
Ventilation: exhaust/smoke ejector or PPV fans
Salvage/overhaul: covers, scoop shovel required, also infrared detector, TIC, blocks, saws

58
Q

Tiller inspection

A

Many steering linkages
Make sure pin is removed
Inspect air bag suspension
Coupling is lubed

59
Q

Aerial inspection general

A

Check cable systems
Hydraulic systems, cold when all are stowed
Slides and rollers, extend is preferred to bedded
Stabilizing systems
Breathing air systems
Communication systems
Need to test as well as visually inspect

60
Q

Aerial operational inspection

A

Tests and refreshes operator
Pre-power transfer refer to owner’s manual
If leaning with stabilizers, you may have a leak
Some automatically tfer to aerial mode if stabilizers deployed
Testing EPU disengage main hydraulic system and open control valve to prevent dead hanging

61
Q

Deadhanging

A

Operating a hydraulic pump without fluid flowing through the system

62
Q

Aerial apparatus testing

A

Preservice
Service: inspect and test stabilizers, torque box, aerial device and water system
NFPA 1911
Nondestructive testing done 5 years, after accident, unusual stress or major repairs, some do annually

63
Q

After interlock engaged

A

Once aerial or stabilizers are shut down: actuator valves, monitor valves, stack valves, proportional directional control valves all sued to direct and control power.
Many 4 or 5 way valves to operate actuators both directions
Actuators are cylinders or hydraulic motors

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