CHP 2 - iNTEGUMENTARY Flashcards
The primary hair type found in the coat of animals
Guard hairs
The hair type of the fleece of sheep
Wool hairs
A type of sensory hair found in animals
Tylotrich hair
The long hair of the horse including forelock mane tail and feathers behind the fetlock
Long horse hair
The hair coat of the pig including cilia vibrissae and beard of the goat
Bristles
Composed of wool hairs or undercoat of animals bred for fiber production lacks guard hairs making the fleece soft and curly has an oily feel due to lanolin
Wool of sheep
Horses and cattle have single follicles dogs have compound follicles with a primary hair and smaller secondary hairs pigs have single follicles grouped in clusters cats have single follicles with primary guard hair surrounded by compound follicles
Hair follicle in farm animals
Structures in ruminants comparable to the digital pads of carnivores
Hoof pads or bulbs
Infraorbital pouches at medial canthus of eye interdigital pouches between digits of all four feet inguinal pouches near the base of the udder or scrotum
Cutaneous pouches in sheep
Located caudal to the base of the horn secretion increases during breeding season especially in bucks
Horn glands in goats
Two glands below the tail responsible for the bucks characteristic smell
Subcaudal glands in goats
Located on the mediopalmar aspect of the carpus produce sexual pheromones for marking during mating
Carpal glands in pigs
Wart-like skin eminence on the chin with both tactile and secretory functions
Mental chin glands in pigs
Found in all domestic species located in the external auditory canal produce ear wax to protect the tympanic membrane
Ceruminous glands
Located around the mouth especially the lower lip functional significance is likely for marking
Circumoral perioral glands in cats
Secretions mix with degenerated cells to form smegma
Preputial glands in horses
Predominant in humans restricted in the footpads of carnivores frog of the horse nasolabial region of ruminants and swine and carpus of pig function in territorial marking and thermoregulation
Eccrine merocrine sweat glands
Predominate in domestic species distributed throughout the skin ducts open into hair follicles
Apocrine sweat glands
Found over the entire body but sparse only horses sweat readily and in large amounts
Sweat glands in farm animals
Sensitive to circulating epinephrine equine sweat is rich in protein and foams when agitated
Equine sweat glands
Modified sweat glands that nourish young
Mammary glands
Term for all the mammae in ruminants and the horse
Udder
The four parts of the bovine udder each associated with one teat
Quarters
External indication of the separation of the two halves of the udder
Intermammary groove
Extra teats may or may not be connected to primary mammary gland tissue
Accessory teats supernumerary teats polythelia
The mammary secretion in the first few days after parturition rich in nutrients and immunoglobulins has a laxative effect to stimulate the expulsion of the neonates first stool
Colostrum
Inflammation of the mammary gland
Mastitis
The complete emptying of a quarter done before treating the infected quarter
Milking out
Hoofed animals farm animals fall in this category
Ungulates
The horny epidermis covering the distal end of the digit divided into the wall sole and frog
Hoof structure
The visible part of the standing horses hoof
Wall of the hoof
The dorsal part of the hoof wall
Toe of the hoof
The medial and lateral parts of the hoof wall
Quarters of the hoof
The palmar or plantar aspect of the hoof wall
Heels of the hoof
Extensions of the wall from the back of the foot towards the toe seen on either side of the frog
Bars of the hoof
The concave surface facing the ground between the frog and the walls
Sole of the hoof
The wedge-shaped structure between the sole bars and bulbs often called the heart of the horse foot
Frog of the hoof
Located just proximal and palmar or plantar to the frog
Bulbs of the hoof
The junction of the hoof and the skin
Coronet
Junction between the wall and sole on the ground surface of the foot
White line or white zone
The highly vascular part of the integument providing nourishment for the overlying hoof
Corium or dermis
Thick band of dermis located in the coronary groove provides template for the hoof walls bulk
Coronary corium
The dermis connecting the distal phalanx to the hoof wall tightly binds the hoof to corium
Laminar corium
The dermis underlying and nourishing the horny sole
Corium of sole
The dermis underlying and nourishing the horny frog
Corium of frog
Consists of coronary and perioplic coria and the germinal layer of the epidermis overlying these coria
Coronary band
The outermost part of the hoof
Epidermis or hoof
The light band marking the junction between the hoof and skin
Perioplic epidermis
The middle highly keratinized layer of the hoof wall forms the bulk of the wall
Coronary epidermis
The inside layer of the hoof interdigitates with the laminae of the dermis
Laminar epidermis
The keratinized surface forming the sole of the hoof
Sole epidermis
More elastic and not fully keratinized
Frog epidermis
A wedge-shaped mass of elastic fibers and fat overlying the frog
Digital cushion
Inflammation of the laminae of the foot
Laminitis or founder
Separation of the epidermal and dermal laminae often due to chronic laminitis
Seedy toe
A drainage tract up the dermal laminae resulting from infection
Gravel
A bruise or contusion of the medial angle of the sole
Corn
A degenerative condition of the frog associated with filth resulting in black necrotic material
Thrush
Inflammation of the ruminants foot
Foot rot
Wet inflammation of the interdigital cleft
Interdigital dermatitis
Tissue proliferation in the interdigital cleft associated with foot rot
Interdigital fibromas
Formed over the cornual process a bony core projecting from the frontal bone
Horns of ruminants
A ring of soft horn covering the base of the horn
Epikeras
Ruminants that lack horns
Polled
Removal of the horn or horn bud can be done chemically surgically or by cauterization
Dehorning
The accessory digits II and V in ruminants and pigs
Dewclaws
Hornlike growths on the medial side of the horses limb
Chestnuts
Small projections of cornified epithelium in the center of the palmar or plantar part of the fetlock
Ergots
