CHP 2+3 Review

Question 1

dalton

Answer 1

unit used for measurement of subatomic particles

Question 2

isotope

Answer 2

differing number of neutrons within same element

Question 3

orbital

Answer 3

3d space where electron is found 90% of the time, no more than 2

Question 4

covalent bond

Answer 4

sharing of a pair of valence electrons

Question 5

double covalent bond

Answer 5

sharing 2 pairs of valence electrons

Question 6

electronegativity

Answer 6

attraction of atom for electrons of covalent bond

Question 7

nonpolar covalent bond

Answer 7

electrons shared equally

Question 8

polar covalent bond

Answer 8

unequal sharing of electrons

Question 9

ion

Answer 9

charged atom (or molecule); anion or cation

Question 10

ionic bond

Answer 10

2 ions of opposite charge

Question 11

hydrogen bond

Answer 11

hydrogen covalently bonded to 1 electronegative atom, usually O/N

Question 12

van der waals interactions

Answer 12

weak, occur only when atoms or molecules are close together; ‘hot spots’ of negative/positive charge enabling atoms and molecules to stick together

Question 13

cohesion

Answer 13

hydrogen bonds hold substance together

Question 14

adhesion

Answer 14

clinging of one substance to another

Question 15

buffers

Answer 15

minimize change in H of OH concentration

Question 16

ph scale

Answer 16

0(acidic; H+ > OH-) to 14(basic; H+ < OH-)