Chp 14 Musculoskeletal System - Anatomy Flashcards
Bone
Organ made up of connective tissue with a dense outer layer and spongy inner layer
Periosteum
Outermost layer of the bone, made up of fibrous tissue
Compact Bone
Dense, hard layers of bone tissue lie underneath the periosteum
Cancellous Bone
Contains little spaces like a sponge and is encased in layers of compact bone (also called spongy bone)
Endosteum
Membranous lining of the hollow cavity of the bone
Diaphysis
Shaft of the long bones
Epiphysis
End fo each long bone
Bone marrow
Material found in the cavities of bones
Red marrow
Thick, bloodlike material is found in flat bones and the ends of long bones; location of blood cell formation
Yellow marrow
Soft, fatty material found in the medullary cavity pf long bones
Vertebral column
Made up of bones called vertebrae or vertebra through which the spinal cord runs
Cervical Vertebrae (C1 to C7)
First set of seven vertebrae, forming the neck
Vertebral column
Made up of bones called vertebrae or vertebrae through which the spinal cord runs
Thoracic Vertebrae (T1 to T12)
Second set of 12 vertebrae
Lumbar vertebrae (L1 to L5)
Third set of five larger vertebrae, forms the inward curve of the spine
Sacrum
Next five vertebrae, whihc use together to form a triangular bone positioned between the two hip bones, forming joints
Coccyx
Four vertebrae fused together to form the tailbone
Laminae
Flat plates of bone that form the vertebral arch, the posterior portion of the spinal canal
Clavicle
Collarbone
Scapula
Shoulder blade
Acromion process
Extension of the scapula, which forms the superior point of the shoulder
Sternum
Breastbone
Xiphoid process
Lower portion of the sternum
Humerus
Upper arm bone
Ulna and radius
Lower arm bones
Olecranon process
Projection at the proximal end of he ulna that forms the bony point of the elbow
Carpal bones
Wrist bones
Metacarpal bones
hand bones (also called metacarpus)
Phalanx
Finfer and toe bones
Pelvis
Made up of three bones fused together (also called pelvic bones and hip)
Ischlum
Lower, posterior potion of the pelvis on which one sits
Ilium
Upper, wing-shaped part on each side of the pelvis
Publs
Anterior potions of the pelvis
Acetabulum
Large socket in the pelvis for the head of the femur
Femur
Upper leg bone
Tibia and fibula
Lower leg bones
Patella
Kneecap
Tarsal bones
Ankle bone
Calcaneus
Heel bone
Metatarsal bones
Foot bones
Joint
Junction of two or more bones, which often allows for movement of these bones (also called articulation)
Cartilage
Firm connective tissue primarily found in joints.
Meniscus
Crescent-shaped cartilage found in some joint, including the knee
Intravertebral disk
Cartilaginous pad found between the vertebrae in the spine
Pubic symphysis
Cartilaginous joint at which two pubic bones come together anteriorly at the midline
Synovia
Fluid secreted by the synovial membrane and found in joint cavities, bursae, and around thee tendons
Bursa
Fluid-filled sac that allows for easy movement of one part of a joint over another
Ligament
Flexible, tough band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches one bone to another at a joint
Tendon
Band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone
Aponeurosis
Strong sheet of tissue acts as a tendon to attach muscles to bone
Muscle
Tissue composed of specialized cells with the ability to contract to produce movement
Fascia
Band or sheet of connective tissue that encloses muscles and separate their layers
Skeletal muscles
Located in internal organs such as the walls of blood vessels and the digestive tract
Smooth muscles
Located in internal organs such as the walls of blood vessels and the digestive tract
Cardiac muscle
Forms most of the walls of the heart
