Choudhury III

Question 1

what are the cells in the pancreas

Answer 1

ductal and acinar cells

Question 2

describe acinar and ductal secretions from pancreas

Answer 2

acinar are enzyme rich

ductal are HCO3 rich and neutralized acidic chyme

Question 3

chyme entering duodenuma causes what

Answer 3

duodenal enterendocrin cells to release CCK and secretin

Question 4

What is role of CCK

Answer 4

induces secretion of enzyme rich pancreatic juice
causes gall bladder to contract and hepatopancreatic sphincter to relax so bile enters duodenum
reduced emptying in stomach

Question 5

role of secretin

Answer 5

secretion of HCO3 rich pancreatic juice

Question 6

during what phases does the vagus nerve cause gall bladder to contract

Answer 6

cephalic and gastric

Question 7

What does enteropeptidase activate

Answer 7

trypsinogen to trypsin

Question 8

what does trypsin activate

Answer 8

chymotrypsinogen to chymotrypsins
proelastase to elastase
procarboxypeptidase A to carboxypeptidase A
and proc B to cB
also activates PLA2

Question 9

what protects pancreas from prematurely activated enzymes

Answer 9

protease inhibitors that are within the zymogen granules

Question 10

What controls CCK release?

Answer 10

CCK-releasing peptide and monitor peptide

Question 11

what cell release CCK

Answer 11

I cells

Question 12

what inhibits CCK release

Answer 12

trypsin

Question 13

what releases secretin

Answer 13

S cells in duodenal mucosa

Question 14

at high rates of secretion what is content of pancreatic secretions

Answer 14

much more Cl andHCO3
not Na and H
(alkaline)

Question 15

When pH falls in duodenum what is response

Answer 15

S cells secrete secretin

Question 16

fatty acid meals evoke release of what

Answer 16

secretin

Question 17

what is achlorhydria

Answer 17

unable to secrete gastric acid

Question 18

secretin levels in achlorhydria

Answer 18

low

Question 19

at what percent of pancreatic secretion will there be signs of malabsoprtion and indigestion

Answer 19

less than 10%

Question 20

most common causes pancreatitis

Answer 20

alcohol abuse and gallstones

Question 21

how can CF lead to pancreatic insufficiency

Answer 21

thick secretions can obstruct pancreatic duct

Question 22

what is a key clinical sign of pancreatic insufficiency

Answer 22

steatorrhea

floating feces, oily appearance and foul smelling

Question 23

what is a hereditary cause of pancreatitis

Answer 23

mutated trypsin that makes it resistant to inhibitors

tryspin eats pancreatic tissue

Question 24

what drugs can cause pancreatitis

Answer 24

immunosuppressants, anticonvulsants, thiazides

Question 25

what genetic abnormalities may lead to pancreatitis

Answer 25

SPINK1, CFTR, CTRC

Question 26

saliva conent in primary aldosteronisms

Answer 26

NaCl zero | K increases to high levels

Question 27

What is impaired in kwashiorkor

Answer 27

protein digestion

Question 28

what enzymes are found in brushborder of small intestine epithelial cells

Answer 28

maltase, lactase, sucrase

Question 29

how are glucose and galactose absorbed in intestines

Answer 29

Na ATP dependent secondary active transport | Na/glucose co transporter

Question 30

how is fructose absorbed

Answer 30

passive facilitated diffusion

Question 31

maltose is made up of what? sucrose? lactose?

Answer 31

``` maltose= 2 glucose sucrose= 1 glucose, 1 fructose lactose= 1 galactose, 1 glucose ```

Question 32

how are aminoacids and polypeptides transported across basolateral membrane of enterocytes

Answer 32

facilitated or simple diffusion

Question 33

how is fat absorbed (general)

Answer 33

broken down then rebuilt in cell and transported as chylomicrons

Question 34

what displaces bile salt molecule from fat-water interface

Answer 34

colipase