Choudhury III Flashcards

1
Q

what are the cells in the pancreas

A

ductal and acinar cells

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2
Q

describe acinar and ductal secretions from pancreas

A

acinar are enzyme rich

ductal are HCO3 rich and neutralized acidic chyme

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3
Q

chyme entering duodenuma causes what

A

duodenal enterendocrin cells to release CCK and secretin

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4
Q

What is role of CCK

A

induces secretion of enzyme rich pancreatic juice
causes gall bladder to contract and hepatopancreatic sphincter to relax so bile enters duodenum
reduced emptying in stomach

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5
Q

role of secretin

A

secretion of HCO3 rich pancreatic juice

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6
Q

during what phases does the vagus nerve cause gall bladder to contract

A

cephalic and gastric

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7
Q

What does enteropeptidase activate

A

trypsinogen to trypsin

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8
Q

what does trypsin activate

A
chymotrypsinogen to chymotrypsins
proelastase to elastase
procarboxypeptidase A to carboxypeptidase A
and proc B to cB
also activates PLA2
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9
Q

what protects pancreas from prematurely activated enzymes

A

protease inhibitors that are within the zymogen granules

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10
Q

What controls CCK release?

A

CCK-releasing peptide and monitor peptide

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11
Q

what cell release CCK

A

I cells

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12
Q

what inhibits CCK release

A

trypsin

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13
Q

what releases secretin

A

S cells in duodenal mucosa

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14
Q

at high rates of secretion what is content of pancreatic secretions

A

much more Cl andHCO3
not Na and H
(alkaline)

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15
Q

When pH falls in duodenum what is response

A

S cells secrete secretin

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16
Q

fatty acid meals evoke release of what

A

secretin

17
Q

what is achlorhydria

A

unable to secrete gastric acid

18
Q

secretin levels in achlorhydria

A

low

19
Q

at what percent of pancreatic secretion will there be signs of malabsoprtion and indigestion

A

less than 10%

20
Q

most common causes pancreatitis

A

alcohol abuse and gallstones

21
Q

how can CF lead to pancreatic insufficiency

A

thick secretions can obstruct pancreatic duct

22
Q

what is a key clinical sign of pancreatic insufficiency

A

steatorrhea

floating feces, oily appearance and foul smelling

23
Q

what is a hereditary cause of pancreatitis

A

mutated trypsin that makes it resistant to inhibitors

tryspin eats pancreatic tissue

24
Q

what drugs can cause pancreatitis

A

immunosuppressants, anticonvulsants, thiazides

25
Q

what genetic abnormalities may lead to pancreatitis

A

SPINK1, CFTR, CTRC

26
Q

saliva conent in primary aldosteronisms

A

NaCl zero

K increases to high levels

27
Q

What is impaired in kwashiorkor

A

protein digestion

28
Q

what enzymes are found in brushborder of small intestine epithelial cells

A

maltase, lactase, sucrase

29
Q

how are glucose and galactose absorbed in intestines

A

Na ATP dependent secondary active transport

Na/glucose co transporter

30
Q

how is fructose absorbed

A

passive facilitated diffusion

31
Q

maltose is made up of what?
sucrose?
lactose?

A
maltose= 2 glucose
sucrose= 1 glucose, 1 fructose
lactose= 1 galactose, 1 glucose
32
Q

how are aminoacids and polypeptides transported across basolateral membrane of enterocytes

A

facilitated or simple diffusion

33
Q

how is fat absorbed (general)

A

broken down then rebuilt in cell and transported as chylomicrons

34
Q

what displaces bile salt molecule from fat-water interface

A

colipase