Choudhury I Flashcards
what do the submandibular glands secrete
serous/mucus
what do the sublingual glands secrete
serous/mucus
what does the parotid gland secrete
serous
what do the small buccal glands secrete
mucous
composition of saliva
hypotonic
what are functions of lysozyme, lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase, glycoprotein of IgA?
antibacterial, chelate iron, antibacterial and secretory against virus and bacteria
role of kallikrein
activates bradykinin- dilaters arterioles, increased blood to secretory glands and icnreases secretions
what is use of bicarb in saliva
minimizes tooth decay,neutralizes gastric acid refluxed in lowe esophagus
what can we taste
carbs fats
not protein
what is serous saliva
water, electrolytes and enzymes
what is mixed saliva
viscous rich in mucin glycoproteins
how do ductal cells contribute to saliva
modify the secretion by adding electrolytes, Na Cl reabsorb K and HCO3
why is saliva hypotonic
dissolve food
salivary ducts are impermeable to what
H2O
what are the transporters in the ductal cells
Na/H exchange
Cl/HCO3 exchange
H/K exchange
what transporters are on the basolateral membranes of ductal cells
NaK ATPase and Cl channels
how do NaCl levels compare in saliva to plasma
lower in saliva because readily abosrbed
how do K HCO3 levels compare in saliva to plasma
higher in saliva because net secretion
at what rate does saliva resemble plasma [ ]
at high flow rates because less time to modify
what controls salivary secretion
ANS mainly parasympathetic
what inhibits salivary secretion
sleep, fear, anti-cholinergics, anti-depressants, dehydration and fatigue
what modulates salivary secretion
blood secretion, myoepithelial cell contraction, hormonal secretion
What is xerostomia
dry mouth from absent saliva produciton
what causes xerostomia
drugs radiation, autoimmune disease
what is sjogren syndrome
autoimmune that targets lacrimal and salivary glands
Tx for drooling
anticholinergics and surgical removal of sublingual glands
how does CF affect saliva
elevated Na and Ca and protein in saliva, sweat, pancreatic fluid and bronchial secretion
Addisons changes saliva how
increase Na from decrease in Na reabsorption
how does primary aldosteronism and cushings change saliva
decrease Na in saliva, increase the amount that is absorbed
increase K levels
how does digoxin change saliva
increase Ca and K
describe musculature of esophagus
upper third is skeletal muscle voluntary control
middle third is mixture skeletal and smooth
lower third is smooth muscle regulated by ANS and enteric nervous plexus
describe control of LES
tonically constricted from sphincter pressure by diaphragm
relaxes in response to swallowing mediated by vagal stimulation and intrinsic properties of the sphincter itself
what is barrets esophagus
columnar cells replace squamous cells in adaptation to chronic acid exposure
what are causes of dysphagia
structural
functional- abnormal reflex, nuero defect
disease state: neuro, stroke, parkinsons, myasthenia gravis, xerostomia
what is achalasia
complete lack of peristalsis
LES does not relax and increased LES Pressure
what causes achalasia
nerve degeneration
lack of NO synthease, VIP
Chagas disease
what has “bird beak appearance on barium radiography?
achalasia
what is transient relaxation of
LES
not assoc with pharyngeal contraction or esophageal peristalsis and persists more than 10 sec
cessation of chlinergic activity and release of NO and VIP affect LES how
relaxation
what is cause of LES incompetence
idiopathic
What are diffuse esophageal spasms
irregular, uncoordinated contractions of esophagus
what is cause of diffuse esophageal spasms
disruption of nerve activity that coordinates swallowing action of the esophagus
what does diffuse esophageal spasms look like on CXR
corkscrew
what is a hiatal hernia
protrusion of upper part of stomach into thorax through a tear or wekaness in diaphragm
