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Pharmacology > Cholinergics > Flashcards

Cholinergics Flashcards

1
Q

Activates m3 receptors that use for bladder and bowel atony, especially in post surgical or spinal cord injury

A

Bethanichol

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2
Q

Dire t acting Cholinergic drug with cyclospasm diarrhea urinary urgency reflex tachycardia side effects

A

Bethanichol

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3
Q

Direct cholinergic useful for sjogren syndrome and glaucoma and sicca syndrome

A

Pilocarpine

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4
Q

Autoimmune disorder characterized by xerostomia, xeropthalmia, and rheumatoid arthritis

A

Pilocarpine

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5
Q

Dry mouth, dry eyes and joint pains. Treated with pilocarpine.

A

Sjogren syndrome

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6
Q

Direct acting cholinergic other than nicotine, nicotinic pathway

A

Varenicline, cevimelene, muscarene

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7
Q

Used for smoking cessation. Cholinergic.

A

Varenicline

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8
Q

Receptors activated in the nicotinic pathway

A

Ach receptors (Nn and Nm)

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9
Q

Symptoms of Nicotine overdose

A

Convulsion, paralysis, coma

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10
Q

Cholinergic toxicity involving cns stimulation, miosis, bronchoconstriction, increased gi smooth muscle activity, increased secretion of tears, saliva and sweat, vasodilation

A

Muscarinic toxicity

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11
Q

Cholinergic drug associated with Amanita muscaria and Inocybe

A

Muscarine (nicotinic)

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12
Q

Responsible for side effects of generalized ganglionic stimulation

A

Nicotine, varenicline, muscarine

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13
Q

Hypertension. Tachycardia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea are side effects of which cholinergic

A

Nicotine, varenicline, muscarine

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14
Q

Receptors for direct cholinergic

A

Muscarinic and nicotinic

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15
Q

Toxicity of this cholinergic results to ganglionic stimulation, fasciculation, paralysis, convulsion followed by cns depression

A

Nicotinic cholinergics

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16
Q

Drugs that Bind to acetylcholinesterase, prevents binding and hydrolysis of endogenous acetylcholine thereby increasing ach effects

A

Indirect acting cholinergics (edrophonium, neostigmine)

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17
Q

Used mainly for the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis and in differentiation of cholinergic crisis and myasthenic crisis

A

Edrophonium

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18
Q

Cholinergic with side effects of miosis salivation BRADYCARDIA. Nausea diarrhea

A

Indirect acting cholinergics (edrophonium, neostigmine, rivastigmine)

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19
Q

Indirect acting Cholinergic mainly used for TREATMENT of myasthenia gravis, reversal of non depolarizing neuromuscular blockade, ogilvie syndrome.

A

Neostigmine

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20
Q

Indirect acting cholinergic used for glaucoma

A

Physostigmine

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21
Q

Indirect acting cholinergic that us very short acting upon intravenous administration

A

Edrophonium

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22
Q

Indirect acting cholinergic in which the muscarinic effects are blocked by atropine

A

Neostigmine

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23
Q

Autoimmune destruction of nicotinic Ach receptors

A

Myasthenia gravis

24
Q

Auto immune disease characterized by Fluctuating muscle weakness, ocular symptoms (ptosis), proximal muscle weakness, bulbar symptoms

A

Myasthenia gravis

25
Q

Myasthenic crisis vs. cholinergic crisis

A

Myasthenic crisis : acute worsening of symptoms due to infection, stress, or UNDERmedication
Cholinergic crisis: excessive activation of cholinoceptors (skeletal muscle weakness and parasympathetic signs) due to OVERmedication

26
Q

Effect of edrophinium i. Differentiating myastheninc crisis from cholinergic crisis

A

Myasthenic crisis: improves muscle strength

Cholinergic crisis: weakens muscle strength

27
Q

Similar drugs to rivastigmine

A

Galantamine, donepezil, tacrine

28
Q

Rivastigmine is used for

A

Alzheimer’s disease

29
Q

Diarrhea, urination, miosis, bronchospasm, bradycardia, excitation of muscles and cns, lacrimation, sweating, salivation

A

Organophosphate poisoning

30
Q

Sign and symptoms of organophosphate poisoning

A

Diarrhea, urination, miosis, bronchospasm, bradycardia, excitation of muscles and cns, lacrimation. Sweating, salivation (DUMBBELSS)

31
Q

Inhibits acetylcholinesterase thereby increasing endogenously released acetylcholine

A

Indirect acting cholinergics (edrophonium, neostigmine, rivastigmine)

32
Q

First line drug for organophosphate poisoning

A

Atropine (cholinergic receptor antagonist). Next line pralidoxime (cholinesterase generator).

33
Q

T or F: atropine affects both muscarinic and nicotinic signs of toxicity

A

False. No effect on nicotinic signs of toxicity

34
Q

Moa of atropine

A

Competitive inhibition of muscarinic receptors

35
Q

Moa of pralidoxime

A

Binds phosphorus of organophosphate.

inhibiting bond of organophosphate with cholinesterase.

36
Q

Proalidoxime is used for

A

Organophosphate antidote and nerve gas poisoning

37
Q

Side effect of pralidoxime

A

Muscle weakness

38
Q

Inhibits choline transport/reuptake to the neuron

A

Hemicholinium

39
Q

Inhibits storage of acetylcholine in the vehicle-associated transporter

A

Vesamicol

40
Q

Alters the synaptobrevins to prevent the release of acetylcholine from the presynapstic membrane

A

Botolinum

41
Q

Inhibits the action of acetylcholinesterase enzyme, inhibiting acetylcholine degradation

A

Indirect acting cholinergics and organophosphates

42
Q

Types of anticholinergic drugs

A

Anti muscarinic and antinicotinic

43
Q

Prototype drug for non selective muscarinic blocker. Tertiary amine that readily crosses membrane barriers.

A

Atropine. Found in Atropa belladona

44
Q

Drugs similar to atropine

A

Homatropine, cyclopentate, tropicamide

45
Q

Anticholinergic that blocks ganglion, blocks the Nn nicotinic Ach receptors

A

Hexamethonium

46
Q

A neuromuscular anticholinergic blocker

A

Tubocurarine

47
Q

Muscarinic cholinergic antagonist taht restores nuerotransmitter ballance in the basal ganglia. Used for parkinson’s disease

A

Benztropine, bipiriden. Reduces tremors more than bradykinesia.

48
Q

Muscarinic cholinergic antagonist that block muscarinic receptors in the smooth muscles and prevents vagal-stimulated bronchoconstriction.

A

Ipratropium. Tiotropium. Used for asthma and copd. More effective and less toxic than beta agonist in patients with copd and heart disease. Less likely to cause tachycardia and cardiac arrhythmias.

49
Q

Side effects of ipratropium

A

Dry. Outh, cough, nasal dryness

50
Q

Muscarinic cholinergic antagonist used for motion sickness. Antagonizes also to histamine and serotonin.

A

Scopolamine. Can be applied as dermal patch.

51
Q

Hyperthermia, cutaneous vasodilation, minimal secretions, tachycardia, blurred vision, cns toxicity, constipation

A

Atropine toxicity. Hot as hare. Dry as bone. Red as beet. Blind as bat. Mad as hatter.

52
Q

Contraindicated use for muscarinic anti cholinergics

A

Cautious use for infants, acute angle closure glaucoma, benign prostatic hyperplasia, hyperthermia due to decreased sweating

53
Q

Examples of non depolarizing neuromuscular blockers

A

Tubocurarine. Atracurium, vecuronium, pancuronium

54
Q

Polarizing neuromuscular blocker

A

Succinylcholine

55
Q

Activates m3 receptors in ciliary muscle and salivary glands

A

Pilipocarpine

Pharmacology (6 decks)

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