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Pharmacology > Adrenergics > Flashcards

Adrenergics Flashcards

1
Q

Precursor of norepinephrine.

A

Dopamine from tyrosine

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2
Q

Converts tyrosine to DOPA

A

Tyrosine hydoxylase

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3
Q

Tyrosine to norepinephrine

A

Tyrosine hydroxylated by tyrosine hydroxylase to DOPA&raquo_space; decarboxylated to dopamine&raquo_space; hydroxylated to norepinephrine

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4
Q

Inhibits tyrosine conversion of tyrosine to DOPA

A

Metyrosine

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5
Q

Inhibits vesicular transport of dopamine and tyrosine

A

Reserpine

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6
Q

Inhibits storage of dopamine and tyrosine in the vesicles

A

Monoamine oxidase

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7
Q

t or f. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors decreases stores of norepinephrine and dopamine

A

F. Maois increases the stores of dopamine and norepineprine

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8
Q

Release of norepinephrine to the synaptic cleft is inhibited by

A

Guanetidine

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9
Q

Release of norepinephrine in the synaptic cleft is promoted by

A

Amphetamines and tyramine

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10
Q

Reuptake of NET and DAT in the synaptic cleft is inhibited by

A

Cocaine and tricarboxylic acids. Increasing NET and DAT concentration in the synapse

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11
Q

Increases NET and DAT concentration in the synapse by through preventing its conversion to metanephrine and vma

A

Maoi and COMT inhibitors

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12
Q

Only adrenergic receptor with ip3 and DAG as second messengers

A

Alpha 1. Increase calcium causes contraction, of muscles, secretion of glands. Increase peripheral vascular resistance, mydriasis (pupillary dilatation, contraction of radial muscles), stimulates glycogenolysis

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13
Q

G proteins of alpha receptor

A

Alpha1 Gq, alpha2 Gi

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14
Q

G proteins of beta receptors

A

Gs. Also of dopamine.

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15
Q

Only adrenergic receptor that decreases camp

A

Alpha 2. Decreases transmitter release, causes contraction of smooth muscles. Stimulates platelet aggregation, inhibits lipolysis, inhibits insulin release in pancreatic b cells

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16
Q

Adrenergic receptor found in adipose cells

A

Beta 3. Stimulates lipolysis.

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17
Q

Adrenergic receptor in the in the heart and JG apparatus

A

Beta1. 1 heart. Beta 1. Youre my no 1. Increases heart rate, force, increase renin release

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18
Q

Adrenergic receptor in lungs, liver and heart

A

Beta 2. 2 lungs. Bronchodilator, relaxes uterine and vascular smooth muscles, stimulates glycogenolysis, stimulates insulin release in the pancreas, tremor (somatic motor neuron terminals), stimulates heart rate and force

19
Q

Adrenergic drug used for cardiac arrest, anaphylaxis and asthma

A

Epinephrine. Non selective. Activate alpha1, beta1 and beta2 receptors. Side effects include hypertension, tachycardia, and hyperglycemia.

20
Q

Adrenergic non selective drug used for neurogenic shock and last resort for cardiogenic shock.

A

Norepinephrine. Activate alpha1, beta1 and beta2, With preferential b1>b2. Side effects include extreme vasospasm, tissue necrosis, reflex bradycardia. Compensatory vagal reflexes tend to overcome the direct positive chronotropic effects.

21
Q

Non selective adrenergic used for shock and heart failure but with dose dependent actions.

A

Dopamine. Activates a1, b1, and d1 receptor. D1: vasodilation in splanchnic and renal vessels.

22
Q

What dose of dopamine causes vasodilation in splanchnic and renal blood vessels

A

Low dose. 1-5 mcg/kg/min. Activates d1 receptors. Increased renal blood flow and urine output.

23
Q

What dose of dopamine causes increased renal blood flow, heart rate, contractility and cardiac output

A

Medium dose. 5-15 mcg/kg/min. Activates b1 receptor (b1 youre my number, 1 heart)

24
Q

What dose of dopamine causes vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure

A

High dose. >15 mcg/kg/min. Activates alpha receptors

25
Q

Nonselective beta agonist used for asthma

A

Isoprotenerol. Side effects arrhythmia, cardiac disturbance, since may b1 activation din kasi

26
Q

Selective a1 agonist used as decongestant and mydriasis

A

Phenylephrine. Side effects include rebound nasal congestion, hypertension, mi. Ocular administration causes mydriasis without cyclopegia.

27
Q

Selective a2 agonist known for its side effect of rebound hypertension

A

Clonidine. Used for hypertension, cancer pain and opioid withdrawal. Taper use of clonidine to avoid rebound hypertension.

28
Q

Non selective alpha antagonist for treatment of rebound HYPERtension

A

Phentolamine

29
Q

Selective a2 agonist used for preeclampsia

A

Methyldopa. A2 decreases central sympathetic outflow. Drug of choice for preeclampsia. Side effects include sedation and hemolytic anemia.

30
Q

Selective b1 agonist used for acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock.

A

Dobutamine. B1 increases heart rate and contractility. Side effects include tachycardia, arrhythmia, tachyphylaxis

31
Q

Selective b2 agonist used for bronchodilatory effects

A

Salbutamol, formeterol, salmeterol, terbutaline. Salbutamol for acute asthma attacks, terbutaline for tocolysis. Side effects include tachycardia, tremors, arrhythmia if used excessively, tachyphylaxis

32
Q

Irreversible non selective alpha blocker used for treatment of presurgical pheochromocytoma

A

Phenoxybrnzamine. Preferential block of a1>a2. Irreversible because forms covalent bond with alpha receptors (effects last for days).

33
Q

Reversible nonselective alpha blocker used for pheochromocytoma and antidote for a1 agonist overdose

A

Phentolamine. Preferential block a1>a2.

34
Q

Selective a1 blocker that may cause first dose orthostatic hypotension

A

Prazosin, tamsulosin. Prazosin for hyoertension. Tamsulosin for benign prostatic hyperplasia.

35
Q

Advantage of a1 selectivity blocker

A

Reflex tachycardia is less common and less severe.

36
Q

Nonselective beta blocker used for angina, hypertension, arrhythmia

A

Propanolol, labetwlol, carvedilol, timolol. Block sympathetic effects on heart and bp, reduces renin release. Side effects bronchospasm, erectile dysfunction.

37
Q

Beta blocker with alpha blocker

A

Labetalol

38
Q

Beta blocker with intrinsic sympathetic activity

A

Pindolol acebutolol

39
Q

Effect of beta blockers in diabetes

A

Can mask the symptoms of hypoglycemia (tachycardia, tremor and anxiety), impaired hepatic mobilization of glucose

40
Q

Beta blocker without local anesthetic activity

A

Timolol and betaxolol. Useful in glaucoma since there is no loss of protective corneal reflexes

41
Q

Longest half life beta blocker

A

Nadolol

42
Q

Beta blocker shortest half life

A

Esmolol

43
Q

Selective beta blocker that blocks sympathetic effects on heart and bp.

A

Atenolol, betaxolol, esmolol, metoprolol. Less chance for bronchospasm. Masks symptoms of hypoglycemia on diabetics.

44
Q

Precursor of dopamine

A

Tyrosine

Pharmacology (6 decks)

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