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Neuroscience II Exam I - Pharmacology > Cholinergic Drugs > Flashcards

Cholinergic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Direct acting cholinomimetic

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2
Q

Bethanechol

A

Direct acting cholinomimetic

Activates bowel and bladder smooth muscle; resistant to AChE

Treats post-operative ileus, neurogenic ileus, and urinary retention

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3
Q

Carbachol

A

Direct acting cholinomimetic

Constricts pupil and relieves intraocular pressure in open-angle glaucoma

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4
Q

Ambenonium

A

Cholinesterase inhibitor

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5
Q

Methacholine

A

Direct acting cholinomimetic

Stimulates muscarinic receptors in airway when inhaled

Used as a challenge test for diagnosis of asthma

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6
Q

Donepezil

A

Cholinesterase inhibitor

Increases ACh

Treats Alzheimer disease

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7
Q

Echothiophate

A

Cholinesterase inhibitor

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8
Q

Cevimeline

A

Direct acting cholinomimetics

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9
Q

Edrophonium

A

Cholinesterase inhibitor

Increases ACh

Extremely short acting, historically used in diagnosis of MG

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10
Q

Pralidoxime

A

Cholinesterase regenerator

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11
Q

Galantamine

A

Cholinesterase inhibitor

Increases ACh

Treats Alzheimer disease

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12
Q

Pilocarpine

A

Direct acting cholinomimetic

Contracts ciliary muscle of eye (open-angle glaucoma), pupillary sphincter (closed-angle glaucoma); resistant to AChE

Potent stimulator of sweat, tears, and saliva, treats glaucoma and xerostomia (Sjogren’s syndrome)

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13
Q

Neostigmine

A

Cholinesterase inhibitor

Increases ACh; No CNS penetration (quaternary amine)

Treats postoperative and neurogenic ileus, urinary retention, myasthenia gravis, reversal of NMJ blockade postoperatively

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14
Q

Physostigmine

A

Cholinesterase inhibitor

Increases ACh — fixes atropine overdose

Used for anticholinergic toxicity; crosses BBB into CNS (tertiary amine)

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15
Q

Pyridostigmine

A

Cholinesterase inhibitor

Increases ACh; increases muscle strength

Treats MG (long acting); does not penetrate CNS (quaternary amine)

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16
Q

Rivastigmine

A

Cholinesterase inhibitor

Increases ACh

Treats Alzheimer disease

17
Q

Tacrine

A

Cholinesterase inhibitor

18
Q

Varenicline

A

Direct acting cholinomimetic

19
Q

Antimuscarinic drugs used for motion sickness

A

Scopolamine

20
Q

Antimuscarinic drugs used for GI disorders

A

Atropine
Dicyclomine
Glycopyrrolate
Hyoscyamine

21
Q

Antimuscarinic drugs used in ophthalmology

A 
Atropine
Cyclopentolate
Homatropine
Scopolamine
Tropicamide

Produce mydriasis and cycloplegia

22
Q

Antimuscarinic drugs used for respiratory disorders (asthma, COPD)

A

Ipratropium

Tiotropium

23
Q

Antimuscarinic drugs used for urinary disorders

A 
Darifenacin
Fesoterodine
Oxybutynin
Solifenacin
Tolterodine
Trospium
24
Q

Antimuscarinic drugs used for cholinergic poisoning

A

Atropine (+pralidoxime)

25
Q

Antimuscarinic drugs used for movement disorders

A 
Benztropine
Biperiden
Orphenadrine
Procyclidine
Trihexyphenidyl

Benztropine treats Parkinson-associated acute dystonia

26
Q

Mecamylamine

A

Ganglion blocker

27
Q

Symptoms of cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning

A

DUMBBELSS

Diarrhea
Urination
Miosis
Bronchospasm
Bradycardia
Excitation of Skel.M.+CNS
Lacrimation
Sweating
Salivation
28
Q

Antidote to cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning

A

Atropine (competitive inhibitor) + Pralidoxime (regenerates AChE)

29
Q

Clinical use of glycopyrrolate

A

Glycopyrrolate used parenterally in post-op to reduce airway secretions; oral glycopyrrolate treats drooling and peptic ulcers

30
Q

Clinical uses for hyoscyamine, dicyclomine

A

Antispasmodics for IBS

31
Q

Clinical use of ipratropium, tiotropium

A

Treats COPD, asthma

32
Q

Clinical use of oxybutynin, solifenacin, tolterodine

A

Reduce bladder spasms and urge urinary incontinence (overactive bladder)

33
Q

Actions of atropine on the eyes, airway, stomach, gut, and bladder

A

Eye - increased pupil dilation, cycloplegia

Decreased airway secretions

Decreased gastric acid secretion

Decreased gut motility

Decreased urgency in cystitis

34
Q

Adverse effects of atropine

A 
Hot as a hare
Dry as a bone
Red as a beet
Blind as a bat
Mad as a hatter

Neuroscience II Exam I - Pharmacology (7 decks)

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