Cholinergic & Anticholinergic

Question 1

located in the CNS and gastric parietal cells

Answer 1

M1

Question 2

increase gastric acid - HCL

CNS excitation

Answer 2

M1

Question 3

M1 and M3 have what mechanism

Answer 3

Gq - IP3, DAG - increase in Ca2+ concentration

Question 4

M2 mechanism

Answer 4

Gi - inhibits adenyl cyclase, decrease cAMP and opening of K+ channel

Question 5

located in heart - SA and AV node, presynaptic terminal

Answer 5

M2

Question 6

decrease rate of impulse generation, velocity of conduction decreased, contractility decreased

Answer 6

M2

Question 7

located in smooth muscles in exocrine glands, GIT, genitourinary system, constrictor pupilae, glands

Answer 7

M3

Question 8

increase in exocrine secretion, smooth muscle contraction, miosis

Answer 8

M3

Question 9

binds to activate endothelial NO synthase, vasodilation due to release fo EDRF - increases cGMP to dephosphorylate myosin LC

Answer 9

acetylcholine

Question 10

M3 stimulation increases bowel movements and bladder contractions - emptying

Answer 10

bethanechol

Question 11

treats paralytic ileus - reduced bowel movements; urinary retention

Answer 11

bethanechol

Question 12

SE: CNS stimulation, miosis, bradycardia, bronchoconstrictor, accommodation of near vision, abdominal cramps, flushing, salivation

Answer 12

bethanechol

Question 13

Contraindications: asthma, peptic ulcer, MI

Answer 13

bethanechol

Question 14

increases aqueous humor outflow; increases peristalsis and treats glaucoma

Answer 14

carbachol

Question 15

stimulates bronchial construction and used in diagnosis of asthma

Answer 15

methacholine

Question 16

M3 stimulation - increase salivation, lacrimation, increase aqueous humor outflow (glaucoma); ciliary muscle - contraction

Answer 16

pilocarpine

Question 17

used to treat xerostomia, stimulates salivary secretion in post op, open angle glaucoma, iris-cyclitis adhesions

Answer 17

pilocarpine

Question 18

selective muscarinic: found in mushrooms, responsible for cholinergic symptoms in mushroom poisoning

Answer 18

muscarine

Question 19

neurally occurring tertiary amine that is well absorbed and crosses BBB

Answer 19

nicotine

Question 20

synthetic partial agonist at alpha 4 beta 2 subtype nicotinic receptors used in the treatment of smoking cessation

Answer 20

varenicline

Question 21

stimulates M3 (salivary glands) - increase secretion; used to treat xerostomia in chemo patients and sjogren syndrome

Answer 21

cevimeline

Question 22

M3 - enters CNS; penetrates cornea

Treats: open angle glaucoma and atropine overdose antidote (IV-Belladonna poisoning)

Answer 22

physiostigmine

Question 23

shortest duration of action

Dx: of MG and differentiate between Myasthenic and Cholinergic crisis - Tension test

Answer 23

edrophonium

Question 24

crisis in which patient gets better

Answer 24

Myasthenci crisis

Question 25

crisis in which patient gets worse because their already on AchE inhibitors

Answer 25

Cholinergic crisis

Question 26

used in acute myasthenia gravis cases; atony of bladder, paralytic ileus, reversible skeletal muscle blocker dont use in glaucoma

Answer 26

neostigmine

Question 27

used in treatment of long term MG | DOA: 6 hrs

Answer 27

pyridostigmine

Question 28

increase CNS Ach | used to treat Alzheimers

Answer 28

Danoprezil rivastigmine galantine tacrine

Question 29

increase aqueous humor outflow used to treat glaucoma irreversible Ache inhibitor

Answer 29

ecothoiophate

Question 30

irreversible Ache inhibitors | organophosphates

Answer 30

``` malathion parathion sarin tabun soman voltile X ```

Question 31

Treatments of OP poisoning

Answer 31

atropine - muscarinic symtoms | pralidoxime (2-PAM) - antidote AchE reactivator for nicotinic symptoms

Question 32

DUMBBELLS (OP SE)

Answer 32

``` diarrhea urination miosis bradycardia bronchospasm emesis lacrimation lethargy salivation ```

Question 33

used to control head lice

Answer 33

carbaryl

Question 34

inhibits choline transporter

Answer 34

hemicholinium

Question 35

inhibits Ach from entering into vesicle

Answer 35

vesamicol

Question 36

inhibits SNAPS

Answer 36

botulinum

Question 37

blocks M2; M3 and M1 anti motion sickness

Answer 37

atropine

Question 38

used in treatment for OP poisoning, cholinergic poisoning, mushroom poisoning, 2nd degree HB and bradycardia

Answer 38

atropine

Question 39

M1 and M3 blocker; absorbed through skin

Answer 39

scopolamine

Question 40

used in motion sickness and nausea associated with opioid analgesia, and to reverse central Nn receptors in cholinergic poisoning

Answer 40

scopolamine

Question 41

decreases secretion, relax smooth muscle of bronchi and bronchioles, decrease airway resistance, bronchodilation

Answer 41

ipratropium | tiotropium

Question 42

used to treat exercise induce bronchospasm, chronic bronchitis, asthma, COPD

Answer 42

ipratropium | tiotropium

Question 43

produce mydriasis

Answer 43

cyclopentolate tropicamide homatropine

Question 44

used in measurement of refractory error

Answer 44

tropicamide

Question 45

ophthalmic exam

Answer 45

cyclopentolate

Question 46

break adhesion iris and anterior surface of lens

Answer 46

homatropine

Question 47

decrease secretions of GIT, relaxation of smooth muscle, decreased GI motility and peristalsis

Answer 47

dicylomine flavoxate glycopyrrolate

Question 48

used in irritable bowel syndrome

Answer 48

dicylomine

Question 49

used in pre op medication to reduce salivary and respiratory secretions and in post op in combo with neostigmine to reverse effects of non depolarizing skeletal muscle relaxants

Answer 49

glycopyrrolate

Question 50

blocks M3 helps in urine retention in adults and children

Answer 50

oxybutinin tolterodine derifenacin

Question 51

used in antispasmodic effects seen in overreactive bladder and in urinary incontinence; detrusor hyper reflex; enuresis

Answer 51

oxybutinin tolterodine derifenacin

Question 52

decrease secretion of GIT, relax smooth muscle of GIT, decrease GI motility and peristalsis

Answer 52

pirenzepine

Question 53

treats peptic ulcers

Answer 53

pirenzepine

Question 54

work centrally in the brain used in Parkinson's dz - helps decrease salivation, spasticity, and tremors; treats drug induced extra pyramidal reactions

Answer 54

trihexyphenidyl benztropine biperiden

Question 55

treatment for anticholinergic overdose

Answer 55

physostigmine

Question 56

abolish baroreceptor reflex HR change; prevents PANS and SANS stimulation

Answer 56

mecamylamjne hexamethonium trimethoprim