Cholelithiasis Flashcards
1
Q
What is it?
A
Gallstones
2
Q
What is it made is it of?
A
Cholesterol and Pigment
3
Q
Risk factors?
A
- Age
- Female
- Parity ( number of pregnancies brought to conclusion)
- Use of the oral contraceptive pill
- Obesity
- Pigment diseases e.g. hemolytic anaemia/bile infection
Fat, female, forty, fertile,fair
4
Q
Causes for increase of cholesterol in the body?
A
- obesity
- Cirrohsis
- Ileal disease
- cystic fibrosis
5
Q
Causes for increase of pigment in the body?
A
- haemolytic anemia
- bile infection
6
Q
Presentation
A
- asymptomatic
- Biliary colic- when gallstones from the gall bladder block the common bile duct
- Dyspepsia- problems swallowing
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Empyema
- perforation
- Jaundice (Mirrizi syndrome)
- Obstruction of the small bowel- Gallstone Ileum (when they get stuck in neck of ileum)
- Acute Cholecystitis- inflammation of the gallbladder
7
Q
Treatment?
A
- Dissolution / Lithotrypsy (uses ultrasound waves)
- Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (open/mini/laparoscopic/single port)
8
Q
choledocho-lithiasis
A
Stones which form/ collect in the bile duct
Differential diagnosis for cholethiasis
9
Q
Mirrizi syndrome
A
When gallstones get stuck in the neck of the gallbladder leading to obstruction Jaundice
10
Q
Investigations
A
Amylase, Lipase: will be elevated
AUS
LFT- elevated alkaline phosphatase when complicated.
FBC- WBC elevated in complicated cholelithiasis
-Oral Cholecystography
-IV cholangiography
