CHN CHAPTER 4 Flashcards
It is a term refers to the collection of data in the community which serve as a guide in determining the actual and potential health problems
Community Assessment
It is a quantitative and qualitative description of the health of citizens and the factors which influence their health
Community Diagnosis
It is a term which identifies problems, proposes areas for improvement and stimulates action.
Community Diagnosis
This is an official count or survey of a population, typically recording various details of individuals.
Census
It is a small group, usually 6-12 members only
Focus Group
These are the formal and informal community leaders or persons of position and influence, such as leaders in local government schools and businesses
Key Informants
This refers to a process by which community members gain an understanding of the health, concerns, and health care systems of the community by identifying, collecting, analyzing, disseminating information on community assets, strengths, resources, and needs
Community assessment
It is a process where it involves the collection of data which is mainly dependent on the objectives of the assessment
Community Assessment
When a health nurse in a community desires to collect data, what are the three categories of the community health determinants?
People, place, social system
What are the two community health assessment tools?
- Primary Data
- Secondary Data
are those have not been gathered before and collected by the nurse through observation, survey and the like
Primary data
primarily taken from the existing data sources
Secondary data
What are the primary sources of data?
- Observation
- Survey
- Informant Review
- Community Forum
- Focus group
This may be done through an ocular or windshield survey, either by driving or riding a vehicle or walking through it
Observation
This gives the community health nurse the opportunity to observe the people as well as to take note of the environmental conditions and existing facilities
Observation
This may be necessary when there is no available when there is no available information about the community or specific population group to be studied.
Survey
It is made up of a series of questions for systematic collection of information from a sample of individuals or families in a community which may be written or oral.
Survey
It is appropriate for determining attitudes, knowledge, behaviors and perception of health and health services
Survey
it is used by the nurse in identifying patterns of utilization of health services
Survey
This denotes to a purposeful talks with either key informants or ordinary members of the community
Informant Review
This provides the nurse valuable information on community perceptions about the health and health care
Informant Review
What kind of informant review where the nurse will direct the talk based on an interview guide?
Structured
What kind of informant review where the informant guides the talk?
Unstructured
This refers to an open meeting of members of the community
Community Forum
This does not only give the nurse information on community perceptions on needs, health and health care, but it also an effective tool in providing the people with medium for expressing their views and developing their capacity to influence decision makers
Community Forum
This is used as a venue for informing people about secondary data, for data validation and for getting feedback from the community people themselves about the gathered data previously.
Community Forum
This method is effective in the assessment of health needs of a specific groups in the community
Focus group
What are the secondary sources of data?
- Registry of Vital Events
- Health Records and Reports
- Disease Registries
- Cencus Data
It is realistic basis for program planning and implementation.
Registry of Vital Events
What Law was enacted in 1930, established the civil registry in the Philippines that requires the registration of vital events like births, marriages and deaths?
R.A. 3753 Civil Registration Law
What Law is assigned the function of civil registration to local governments and mandated the appointment of Local (municipal/city) Civil Registrars?
R.A. 7160 Local Government
It is an official recording and reporting system of the Department of Health and used by the NSCB to generate health statistics.
Field Health Service Information System (FHSIS)
It is a tool in monitoring health status of the population at the different levels
Field Health Service Information System (FHSIS)
It serves as basis for priority setting by local governments, planning and decision making at barangay, municipality, district, provincial as well as national levels.
Field Health Service Information System (FHSIS)
It is used for monitoring and evaluating health program implementation. Detection of unusual occurrence of diseases is being facilitated. And it also provides a standardized, facility-level database for more in-depth studies
Field Health Service Information System (FHSIS)
This refers a listing of persons with specific type of disease in a defined population.
Disease Registries
serve as basis for monitoring, decision making and management of program
Disease registries
This refers to the periodic governmental enumeration of the population.
Census data
It is a law that provides for a national census of the
population and other related data in the Philippines for every 10 years
Batas Pambansa Blg. 72
This system provides statistical information and services to the public?
Philippine Statistical System (PSS)
is the policy-making and coordination body of the PSS, where the NSO now the PSA (Philippine Statistics Authority) is the PSS arm that generates general purpose statistics such as population, employment, prices, and family income/expenditures
National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB)
What do you call the process of determining the health status of the community and the factors responsible for it, both to the process of determination and to its findings?
Community Diagnosis
It is the quantitative and qualitative description of the health of citizens and the factors that influence their health
Community diagnosis
allows identification of problems and areas of improvement, thereby stimulating action.
community diagnosis
Community data are presented to the health team and the members of the community for the following purposes:
a. To inform the health team and members of the community of existing health and health-related conditions in the community in an easily understandable manner.
b. To make members of the community appreciate the significance and relevance of health information to their lives.
c. To solicit broader support and participation in the community health process.
d. To validate findings.
e. To allow for a wider perspective in the analysis of data.
f. To provide a basis for decision making.
What are the different methods to present community data?
Text, tables, pictorial (Maps and graphs), Numeric data
This method to present community data can be used to show differences or similarities across geographic areas
Maps
This method to present community data are usually more clearly presented through tables and graphs or charts
numeric data
It is a type of graph that is use to compare values across different categories of data
Bar graph
It is a type of graph that is utilize to have a visual image of trends in data over time or age
Line graph
It is a type of graph that is commonly use in showing percentage distribution or composition of a variable, such as population or households
Pie chart
It is a type of graph that serve as an effective tool in highlighting the value of a group in relation to the whole population. However, it can only illustrate only a small number of categories, usually not more than six.
Pie chart
This is a type of graph that shows the correlation between two variables.
Scatter plot or diagram
What are the two types of community diagnosis?
Traditional Research
Participatory Action Research (PAR)
A method of research that follows a systematic or scientific procedure in which a question is asked and a hypothesis is proposed in which it is either proved or disproved.
Traditional Research
This is related to the investigation or experimentation aimed at the discovery and interpretation of facts or revision of accepted theories or laws in the light of new facts.
Traditional Research
An approach to research that aims at promoting change among the participants. Members of the group being studied participate as partners in all phases of the research, including design, data collection, analysis and dissemination.
Participatory Action Research (PAR)
What are the schemes in stating community diagnosis?
NANDA
Shuster and Goeppinger
The Omaha System
This scheme focused more on individual but in the recent versions, it has included diagnoses in the community level.
NANDA
This scheme proposed a practical adaptation of a format of nursing diagnoses for population groups.
Shuster and Goeppinger
What are the Three-part statement of community diagnosis in shuster and goeppinger?
- The health risk or specific problem to which the community is exposed.
- The specific aggregate or community with whom the nurse will be working to deal with the risk or problem.
- Related factors that influence how the community will respond to the health risk or problem.
This scheme is a comprehensive and research-based classification system for client problems that exists in the public domain.
The Omaha System
What are the 3 components of Omaha System?
- Problem Classification Scheme
- Intervention Scheme
- Problem Rating Scale for Outcomes
What component of Omaha system serves as a guide in collecting, classifying, analyzing, documenting and communicating health-related needs and strengths?
Problem Classification Scheme
What component of Omaha System is designed to describe and communicate multidisciplinary practice, practice that is intended to prevent illness, improve or restore health, decrease deterioration, and/or provide comfort before death?
Intervention Scheme
What component of Omaha System is a method to evaluate client progress throughout the period of service?
Problem Rating Scale for outcomes
It is a domain of Problem classification scheme that refers to the material resources and physical surroundings both inside and outside the living area, neighborhood, and broader community
Environmental domain
It is a domain of Problem classification scheme that refers to the patterns of behavior, emotion, communication, relationships, and development
Psychosocial domain
It is a domain of Problem classification scheme that refers to the functions and processes that maintain life
physiological domain
It is a domain of Problem classification scheme that refers to the patterns of activity that maintain or
promote wellness, promote recovery, and decrease the risk of disease
Health-related behaviors domain
What are the 4 domains of Problem classification scheme?
Environmental
Psychosocial
Physiological
Health-related behaviors
what are the 2 set of modifiers under problem classification scheme?
Area of concern
level of clientele
What are the 4 categories of Intervention scheme?
Teaching, guidance, and counseling
Treatments and Procedures
Case management
Surveillance
What are the 3 concepts of problem rating scale for outcomes?
Knowledge, Behavior, Status
This refers to a logical process of decision making to determine which of the identified health concerns requires more immediate consideration (priority setting) and what actions may be undertaken to achieve goals and objectives
Planning
This step provides the nurse and the health team with a logical means of establishing priority among the identified health concerns
Priority Setting
The WHO has suggested the following criteria to decide on a community health concern for intervention:
Significance of the problem
community awareness
Ability to reduce risk
cost of reducing risk
Ability to identify the target population
availability of resources
This is described in terms of increased or decreased
morbidity, mortality, fertility or reduced capability for wellness
Health Status Problem
This is described in terms of lack or absence of manpower, money, materials or institutions necessary to solve health problems
Health Resources Problem
This is described in terms of existence of social, economic, environmental and political factors that aggravate the illness-inducing situations in the community
Health-Related Problems
are the desired outcomes at the end of interventions
goals
are the short-term changes in the community that are observed as the health team and the community work towards the attainment of goals
objectives
is a collaborative relationship between willing entities formed to address shared objectives
community partnership
is a process of participation through which people, groups, and organizations work together to achieve desired results
collaboration
is one way the nurse can promote active community participation. The nurse helps the people attain optimal degree of independence in decision-making in asserting their rights to a safe and better community
Advocacy work
This is the phase of the planning cycle that determines whether the program is relevant, effective, efficient and adequate. It is concerned with finding out the specific input, process and output/outcome indicators of the program stating the criteria and standards of each
Evaluation
refers to an organized process of overseeing and checking the activities undertaken in a project, to ascertain whether it is capable of achieving the planned results or not
monitoring
the process by which we judge the worth or value of something. This is a scientific process that gauges the success of the project or program in meeting the objectives
evaluation
Evaluation involves two processes:
observation & measurement
Two approaches of evaluating a program:
qualitative and quantitative methods of evaluation
It is an approach of evaluating a program which determine the meaning and experience of the program for the people involved; and interprets the effects that may be observed.
qualitative methods of evaluation
it is an approach of evaluating a program that measure and score changes occurring as a result of the program
quantitative methods of evaluation
Aspects of a program to be evaluated:
Process, Impact, Outcome evaluation
It is an Aspects of a program to be evaluated that measures the activities of the program, its quality and who is reaching out
Process evaluation
It is an aspect of a program to be evaluated that measures the immediate effects of the program and determines whether the objectives of the program were met
Impact evaluation
it is an aspect of a program to be evaluated that measures the long-term effects of the program and determines if it meets the goal of the program
outcome evaluation
What are the types of evaluation?
Formative, Summative, Process, Outcomes, Impact
What are the steps of program evaluation?
a. Establish stakeholders
b. Describe the program
c. Select evaluation design
d. Collect data
e. Generate conclusions
f. State findings and provide recommendations
