Chiro Essentials- Xray Lines Flashcards
Line between post. tip of HARD PALATE to the opisthion (POST FORAMEN MAGNUM)
If the DENS lies more than ____ above this line = _____?
Chamberlain’s Line
If the DENS lies more than 7 mm above this line = Basilar Impression/invagination
Seen in RA, Down’s, Klippel Fieil, or Arnold Chiari
connect post tip of HARD PALATE to the base of OCCIPUT
If the DENS lies more than __ (male) or __ (female) above this line = _____?
McGregor’s Line
If the DENS lies more than 8 mm (male) or 10 mm (female) above this line = basilar impression/invagination
Seen in RA, Down’s, Klippel Fieil, or Arnold Chiari
Between the basion (ANT. aspect of FORAMEN MAGNUM) to the opisthion (POST FORAMEN MAGNUM)
If the tip of DENS lies above this line = _____?
McRae’s Line
If the tip DENS lies above this line = basilar impression/invagination
Seen in RA, Down’s, Klippel Fieil, or Arnold Chiari
Find superior and inferior extremities of scoliosis. Parallel lines through superior and inferior endplates.
Perpendicular lines from endplate lines.
Angle of intersection
Cobb’s Angle
40 deg = possible surgery
AP Lumbar spine xray. curved line drawn along the inferior margin of TVP and down along inferior articular process to zygapophyseal joint space. Looks like letter “S”.
Indicates What?
Hadley S Curve
Indicates facet imbrication (overlap)
*Imbrication area is between T5 - T9
Measure distance between midpoints of post. margin of vertebra body and a line connecting ant tips of superior and inferior articular facets.
__ (lumbar) & __ (cervical) = canal stenosis
____ = Relative stenosis
____ = Absolute stenosis
Eisenstein’s method
Line through and parallel to base of sacrum. Second line parallel to bottom edge of film. Measure angle of intersection.
Range of ____? Average?
Increased angle = ___?
Ferguson’s (Base of Sacrum) Angle
Range of 26-51 degrees.
Average: 41 degrees
Increased angle = mechanical factor of LBP (inc. shear and compressive force on sacrum)
Lateral lumbar spine in extension. Through and parallel to adjacent endplates until they intersect posteriorly. Measure distance between post margin of body and intersection
> ___ ? = ___?
Van Akkerveeken’s Line
> 1.5 mm = lumbar instability
Line along outer margin of the neck of the femur. Line should pass through the head of the femur.
Failure to pass through head of the femur = ?
Klein’s Line
Failure to pass through the head of the femur = Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE)
Line connects LAT aspect of PELVIC BRIM to the OUTER aspect of OBTURATOR FORAMEN.
Floor of acetabulum should NOT pass this line; if it does…?
Kohler’s Line
If the floor of the acetabulum crosses this line then protusio acetabuli is present
Seen in Rickets, RA, or Paget’s
Line through and parallel to inferior end plate of vetebra above.
If line passes through superior articular process of the vertebra BELOW then…?
Macnab’s Line
then facet imbrication (overlap) is present
Divide base of sacrum into 4 equal parts. Note relative position of post. margin of L5 body in relationship to these quarters
Myerding’s Grades
Grade 1-4 depending on which sacral quarter lines up with post. margin
Parallel line passes through base of sacrum. Perpendicular line from sacral promontory.
If the ant. aspect of the inferior part of the L5 body lies beyond this perpendicular line then…?
Ulmann’s line OR Garland-Thomas Line
Then spondylolisthesis is present.
Line passes through middle axis of the femur. Another line passes through the middle of the axis of the neck of the femur. Measure angle between
\_\_\_ = normal \_\_\_ = coxa vara \_\_\_ = coxa valga
Mikulicz’s Angle (femoral angle)
120-130 deg = normal
130 deg = coxa valga
curvilinear line along INF asepct of the NECK of the FEMUR to the SUPERIOR aspect of the OBTURATOR FORAMEN
If line is interrupted or discontinuous…?
Shenton’s Line
If interrupted or discontinuous, then a dislocation, femoral neck fracture, or slipped femoral capital epiphysis may be present
