china

Question 1

what is the mandate of heaven?

Answer 1

power to rule given by heaven to emperors, must be fair and just to keep it

Question 2

mandate of heaven affect on legitimacy

Answer 2

rulers had to be fair in order to keep mandate of heaven
could lead to rebellion if they did not act fairly
gave new rulers legitimacy as they overthrow corrupt leaders

Question 3

what is the dynastic cycle?

Answer 3

golden age of peace and prosperity
corruption, extortion, failed infrastructure
natural disaster, famine
lose mandate of heaven
rebellion grows and new leader emerges
restart cycle

Question 4

what is confucianism based on?

Answer 4

correcting interpersonal relationships
ppl are naturally good
need education to keep them good

Question 5

what are the five relationships?

Answer 5

parent child
ruler subject
older sibling younger sibling
husband wife
friend friend (only equal one)

Question 6

what are ren and li?

Answer 6

ren = correct feelings behind action
li = correct actions

Question 7

what if filial piety?

Answer 7

respect to parents

Question 8

what are beliefs of daoism?

Answer 8

believe in dao, the way
believe people can naturally sort themselves out
believe in wu-wei, non action to keep with the dao
beleive in qi, energy
beleive in yin and yang, dark vs light energy

Question 9

what would an ideal daoist government look like?

Answer 9

minimal laws

Question 10

what would an ideal confucianist government look like?

Answer 10

bureaucracy, different bureaus for different functions, civil service exams

Question 11

what were civil service exams?

Answer 11

test on confucian values for government officials

Question 12

what did shi huangdi do?

Answer 12

unite china after warring states
standardize measurement, legal code, currency
build first great wall
rule with legalist beliefs
killed 460 confucian scholars
built terracotta warriors

Question 13

what was neo confucianism and how did it combine ideas?

Answer 13

combined ideas from buddhism confucianism and daoism
believed in self cultivation to perfect oneself to reach illumination
emphasized meditation like buddhism for self cultivation
emphasized education like confucianism, believed people were naturally good
saw nature as a role model of a tranquil perfected mind like daoism

Question 14

why was china called the middle kingdom?

Answer 14

saw themselves as the middle of the world

Question 15

what is urbanization?

Answer 15

the creation of cities

Question 16

what is commercialization?

Answer 16

using something for financial gain

Question 17

what were some tang and song innovations?

Answer 17

junks, new rice strains, irrigation systems, paper currency, printing presses, rainbow bridges, porcelain, new legal codes, magnetic compasses, clocks, spinning wheels, gunpowder, postal stations

Question 18

what were the benefits and downsides of silk road?

Answer 18

can import new goods, export own goods, increase wealth
spread of disease, dangerous paths, robbers

Question 19

what would an ideal legalist government look like?

Answer 19

autocracy, one person with absolute power
strict laws to keep people in check

Question 20

what were some legalist beliefs?

Answer 20

people are naturally bad, need strict laws to keep in check