Children's memory

Question 1

What is selective attention?

Answer 1

Ability to focus only on chosen stimuli not be distracted by other stimuli in the environment

Question 2

What is Sustained attention?

Answer 2

ability to maintain attention to a stimuli for a prolonged period of time

Question 3

What is divided attention?

Answer 3

Concentrating on more than one activity (listening to TV and reading)

Question 4

Newborns can detect contours and fixate on it, when can they selectivly attend to an object?

Answer 4

att 4 months. However their selective ablility is still relatively poor

Question 5

concerning attention what is developed during todlerhood (1-3 years of age)?

Answer 5

A) Intentional/ goal directed behavior, an example could be playing with toys which further developes attention abilities

Question 6

What are some exampels of joint attention?

Answer 6

Pointing and gaze following

Question 7

What are some things linked to joint attention?

Answer 7

Vocabulary size, sustained attention, self-regulation and executive function.

Question 8

What are two impairments linked with non functioning Joint attention?

Answer 8

ASD and Conduct disorder

Question 9

Name 4 ways children acquire mroe adaptable attention?

Answer 9

1. Rapid growth of prefrontal cortex
2. Capacity to generate complex play goals
3. Scaffolding
4. Gaining executive functions

Question 10

What is the process from looking att a powerpoint to remembering it the day after?

Answer 10

you first encode the information, and through storage keep it in your long term storage. then when you recall the information you gain access to it through retrievial.

Question 11

What is recognition?

Answer 11

A stimulus identical to one previously experienced

Question 12

What is recall?

Answer 12

mental representation of an absent stimulus

Question 13

What is reconstruction?

Answer 13

through memory, constructing the past rather than taking an exact copy of it.

Question 14

What is working memory and how does it develop in children?

Answer 14

keeping information in short term storage and manipulating it att the same time. ‘

with development in Working memory comes increased length of time representations can be held in mind and the number of items retained

Question 15

What is Working memory associated with?

Answer 15

Language comprehension, math skills, problemsolving and reasoning

Question 16

What can be assumed from longer looking times of novel objects compared to previously shown objects?

Answer 16

The child has memories of the shown objects.

Question 17

What is true for operant conditioning in children?

Answer 17

The associations can be retained for longer the older the children are.

Question 18

What is infantile amnesia and what are two explanations?

Answer 18

Immaturity of parts of the brain involved in memory for events (Hippocampus and pre frontal regions)

The lack of sense of self and autobiographical memories.

Question 19

What are some examples of recogniton memory in children?

Answer 19

Babies are captivated by the movments of objects and people

3-5 month olds can retain unusual movement of objects and somewhere around 4-5 years recognition memory is remarkable good.

Question 20

what is recall, when do they first develop it and when does it noticably increase?

Answer 20

recall is remembering something not present, children usally develop this by 6 months by being able to find hidden objects

By 2 years they can remember one or two items

then by 4 years they can remember 3-4 items.

With this development comes improved language and memory strategies

Question 21

What is prospective memory and when does it develop in children?

Answer 21

Prospective memory is remembering something has has yet to happen or something that you need to do in the future.

2 Year old children can remember to do something in the future under optimal conditions.

it improves over preschool/school years and into adolescence since it involves several cognitive skills

Longer delays or lower intrest in the given task lowers the level of prospective memory.

Question 22

What type of memory is used for routine events?

Answer 22

SCRIPTS, like schema but for social situations.

Question 23

What are SCRIPTS?

Answer 23

General frameworks whitin which specific memories can be stored and may be one of the earliest building blocks for memory.

They can be both general and schematic.

Important for language development and children’s conceptualization of time.

Question 24

What are Autobiographical memory and when do they develop in children?

Answer 24

Episodic memories of events and experiences, develop during the preschool year, it helps to constuct a personal life story

Question 25

How can adults talk to children to develop their autobiographical memory?

Answer 25

by giving the child opertunity to elaborate.

asking open ended question, following the childs lead and asking varied different questions. volontering personal recollection and scaffolding the child into telling their personal story.

Question 26

What are some middle childhood memory strategies and when do they develop?

Answer 26

Strategies are helpfull for recall.

at ages 6-7 they can learn rehersal
(repeating stuff over and over)

at ages 7-8 they can learn organization
(group items to rememeber them)

and by end of middle childhood (6-12) they can learn elaboration
(elaborating on existing information, maybe you can remeber the cloud better by giving it a form and personality)

Question 27

Why does elaboration develop later than the other mnemonic strategies?

Answer 27

Because it requires considerable effort and working memory capacity

Question 28

WHat is metamemory?

Answer 28

Individual knowledge about memory & memory processes

Question 29

While preschoolers metamemory is limited, they show a rudimental understanding of what?

Answer 29

That the mind has limited capacity

Some material will be easier to retain than others

The longer they study some materials the more they are likely to retain

Familiar items are easier to learn than unfamiliar ones

recognition is easier than recall

forgetting becomes more likely over time

Question 30

WHat can we say about Children’s eyewitness testimony in court?

Answer 30

Accuracy of childrens memories are affected by:

recall ability
suggestibility
language competence is not well developed
poor at sourc-monitoring
sensitive to interview techniques
difficulty in reporting accurate temporal information.

in short they are not to be trusted. dumb little shits.

Question 31

What are some factors that can affect developmental change in memory?

Answer 31

Increasing capacity of STM/WM

Speed of neural processing and efficiency of the thought

EF - development of temporal lobe and prefrontal circuits

myelinization

the role of strategies and metamemory