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CP1 = Core Micobiology > Childhood Viral Infections > Flashcards

Childhood Viral Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What immunoglobulin is found in acute infection?

A

IgM

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2
Q

Where does a child acquire IgG?

A

From mother.

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3
Q

Where is IgA acquired from?

A

Breast milk.

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4
Q

What Ig presence indicates previous infection and why?

A

IgG- because it is for long term immunity.

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5
Q

What type of virus is Measles?

A

Enveloped single stranded RNA.

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6
Q

How is Measles transmitted?

A

Person to person - droplet.

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7
Q

When is Measles infective?

A

4 days before rash to 4 days after rash.

“ 4 by 4”

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of a measles rash?

A

> Head-trunk
Maculo-papular
Erythmatous

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9
Q

What disease are Koplik’s spots found in?

A

Measles

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10
Q

What 3C’s are assc with Measles?

A

Cough, Coryza (Rhinitis), Conjunctivitis.

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11
Q

What is Otitis Media?

A

Middle Ear infection –> ~ hearing loss.

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12
Q

What are the complications of Measles?

A
  • Otitis Media
  • Pneumonia
  • Diarrhoea
  • Acute Encephalitis
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13
Q

What are the rarer complications of Measles?

A
  • Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)

- Infection in pregnancy

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14
Q

What is the incidence of Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)?

A

1/25000

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15
Q

Leukopenia confirms the diagnosis of what virus?

A

Measles

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16
Q

What does the MMR vaccine prevent?

A

Measles, Mumps and Rubella.

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17
Q

What is Chicken Pox also known as?

A

Varicella Zoster

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18
Q

What type of virus is Varicella Zoster?

A

A Herpes virus.

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19
Q

How is Varicella Zoster spread?

A

Resp spread/ human contact.

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20
Q

What is the Measles incubation period?

A

10-12 days

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21
Q

What is the Varicella Zoster incubation period?

A

~2 weeks (“Went to India for 2 weeks and got it”)

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22
Q

When is Varicella Zoster infective?

A

2 days before the rash to after vesicles dry up.

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23
Q

Where can chicken pox remain dormant?

A

Dorsal Root Ganglion

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24
Q

What can chicken pox resurface as?

A

Shingles in a single dermatome - painful

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25
Q

Is a Chicken pox rash more pustular or macular?

A

Macular > pustular

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26
Q

Fever, Malaise and Anorexia belong to which virus?

A

Varicella Zoster

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27
Q

Complications of Varicella Zoster include:

A

> Pneumonitis (incr for smokers)
CNS involvement
Thrombocytopenic purpura
Congenital/Foetal varicella zoster.

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28
Q

Who should be treated for Varicella Zoster?

A

Symptomatic adults

Immunocompromised children

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29
Q

What does Aciclovir treat?

A

Varicella Zoster

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30
Q

What does Chlorpheniramine do?

A

Relieves itching in Chicken pox.

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31
Q

How can Varicella Zoster be prevented?

A

With a live vaccine.

32
Q

When is Varicella Zoster Ig given?

A

> If condition predisposes to severe varicella –> immunosuppressed, pregnant women
If no antib’s to VZ virus

33
Q

Does VZ Ig prevent VZ?

A

No, reduces severity.

34
Q

What type of virus is Rubella?

Hint : R to R

A

RNA Virus

35
Q

What virus causes Rubella?

A

Togavirus

36
Q

How is Rubella transmitted?

A

Droplet infection- air bourne

37
Q

What is Rubella’s incubation period?

A

14-21 days

38
Q

When is Rubella infective?

A

One week before rash to 4 days after

39
Q

What are the clinical features of Rubella?

A

> Lymphadenopathy - post-auricular, suboccipital.
Rash - non specific
Many = asymptomatic
Young females ~ aching joints.

40
Q

What are the complications of Rubella?

A

Thrombocytopenia, post infectious encephalitis, arthritis.

41
Q

What are the clinical features of congenital rubella syndrome?

A

> Inflammed lesion of brain, liver, bone and lung.
Cataracts
Deafness
Retarded inter-uterine growth

42
Q

When is foetal damage rare after?

A

Week 16

43
Q

When is deafness in CRS reported up until?

A

Week 20

44
Q

What type of virus is Parvovirus B19?

A

A DNA virus

45
Q

How is Parvovirus B19 spread?

A

Resp secretions or mother –> child.

46
Q

What is Parvovirus B19’s incubation period?

A

4-14 days.

47
Q

What is hydrops and what virus causes it?

A

Abnormal fluid buildup in foetus caused by Parvovirus B19.

48
Q

What rash characterises Parvovirus B19? (Hint: Think Pam)

A

“Slapped Cheek”

49
Q

What are the clinical features of Parvovirus B19?

A

> Rash illness
Arthralgia - pain in a joint
Aplastic anaemia

50
Q

How is Parvovirus diagnosed in foetuses?

A

Amniotic fluid sample - IgM

51
Q

How is it diagnosed in immunocompromised?

A

PCR

52
Q

Is Parvovirus self limiting or not?

A

Self-limiting. No vaccine (Can use blood transfusion)

53
Q

In whom are Enteroviral infections most prevalent?

A

Under 5 year olds

54
Q

How are Enteroviral infections transmitted?

A

Faecal-oral

55
Q

What diseases can Enteroviruses cause?

A

> Hand, foot and mouth
Meningitis
Fever/Rashes

56
Q

In whom is Broncholitis most common?

A

Under 1 year olds

57
Q

What type of virus causes Broncholitis?

A

Respiratory Syncytial

58
Q

How long does Broncholitis incubate for?

A

4-6 days

59
Q

How are Resp Synctial viruses diagnosed?

A

PCR on secretions from nasopharyngeal aspirate

60
Q

When is Palivizumab given and to who?

A

Neonates with Resp syncytial virus.

61
Q

What are the symptoms of Metapneumovirus?

Hint : Weaker than Resp Syncytial

A

Runny nose, fever, sore throat.

62
Q

What percentage of childhood RTI’s does Adenovirus account for?

A

10%

63
Q

Conjunctivitis, Mild URTI and diarhoea are assc with what virus?

A

Adenovirus

64
Q

What family does Rhinovirus come from?

A

Picronaviridae

65
Q

What virus causes Rotavirus?

A

Reovirus

66
Q

How is Rotavirus transmitted?

A

Faecal - oral

Hint: Think GI for clinical features and treatment

67
Q

What are the clinical features of Rotavirus?

A

Vomiting and diarrhoea

68
Q

How long does Rotavirus incubate?

A

1-2 days

69
Q

Norovirus is a short course disease, how long?

A

12-60hrs

70
Q

How is Norovirus transmitted?

A

Foodbourne

71
Q

What virus family causes Mumps?

A

Paramyxoviridae

72
Q

How is Mumps transmitted?

A

Direct/droplet/fomitea

73
Q

How long is Mumps infective for?

A

Before parotid swelling to after.

74
Q

How long does Mumps incubate for?

A

2/4 weeks

75
Q

What are the clinical features of mumps?

A

> Swollen parotid (usually bilateral)

> Non-specific prodome - fever (40 degrees), headache.

76
Q

What are the rarer clinical features of Mumps?

Hint: All inflammations

A 
> Submandibular/lingual sialadentitis
> Oophoritis
> Epidydmo-orchitis
> Encephalitis
> Meningitis
> Pancreatitis

CP1 = Core Micobiology (7 decks)

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