Antiviral Agents

Question 1

What is the estimated no of adults/children infected with HIV?

Answer 1

~2.3 million

Question 2

What type of viral infection is influenza?

Answer 2

Acute

Question 3

What type of viral infection is Measles?

Answer 3

Acute

Question 4

What type of viral infection is Herpes Simples?

Answer 4

Chronic - with/out recurrences

Question 5

What type of viral infection is Mumps?

Answer 5

Acute

Question 6

What type of viral infection is Hep A?

Answer 6

Acute

Question 7

What type of viral infection is HIV?

Answer 7

Persistent chronic

Question 8

What type of viral infection is Hep B/C?

Answer 8

Persistent chronic

Question 9

What type of viral infection is Cytomegalovirus?

Answer 9

Chronic- with/out recurrences

Question 10

Why is HIV unusual?

Answer 10

It contains Reverse Transcriptase unlike other viruses that use DNA/RNA.

Question 11

What is a virus made up of?

Answer 11

• Nucleic acid - DNA/RNA
• Protein (coat and enzymes)
• Lipid envelope
• Obligate intracellular parasites

Question 12

Where can virus proteins ONLY replicate?

Answer 12

Inside a cell.

Question 13

What is the process of Viral Replication?

Answer 13

1) Attaches to cell receptor
2) Virus uncoats
3) Injects viral RNA/DNA –> viral enzymes
4) Replication
5) Late transcription/translation –> viral structural proteins
6) Virus assembly and release

Question 14

What are the targets of anti-viral molecular inhibition?

Answer 14

Viral unique proteins.

Question 15

Where are RNA polymerases not found?

Answer 15

Eukaryotes

Question 16

What can transcribe DNA polymerase (P) to DNA P?

Answer 16

Eukaryotes and DNA Viruses

Question 17

What can transcribe DNA polymerase (P) to RNA P?

Answer 17

Eukaryotes and DNA Viruses

Question 18

What can transcribe RNA Polymerase (P) to RNA P?

Answer 18

RNA Viruses

Question 19

What can transcribe RNA Polymerase (P) to DNA P?

Answer 19

HIV (Retroviruses) and Hep B.

Question 20

How does AZT (Azidothymidine) work?

Answer 20

= Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NRTI) - Inhibits HIV Replication.

Question 21

What are Pyramidine analogues divided into? (End in Vudine)

Answer 21

Cytosine and Thymidine analogues

Question 22

What are Purine analogues divided into? (End in Vir)

Answer 22

Adenine and Guanine analogues.

Question 23

What type of analogue is Zidovudine?

Answer 23

Thyrosine

Question 24

What type of analogue is Lamivudine?

Answer 24

Cytosine

Question 25

What other virus other than HIV contains Reverse Transcriptase?

Answer 25

Hepatitis B Virus

Question 26

What NRTI’s are also useful against HBV?

Answer 26

Tenofovir (Purine analogue) and Lamuvidine (Pyrmidine analogue)

Question 27

What are the advantages of Integrase Inhibitors (HIV)?

Answer 27

They are well tolerated, don’t cause toxicity.

Question 28

What does HAART stand for?

Answer 28

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

Question 29

What are the different combinations for HAART?

Answer 29

> 2 NRTIs + 1 NNRTI

> 2 NRTIs + 1 Boosted PI

Question 30

What is started when CD4 levels fall?

Answer 30

HAART

Question 31

How long is HAART for?

Answer 31

Life long

Question 32

What mutation causes Lamivudine resistance in HIV genome?

Answer 32

M184V

Question 33

What does HIV interact with in order to enter CD4 cells?

Answer 33

CCD5

Question 34

What is the Delta 32 mutation?

Answer 34

Missing loop on CCD5, HIV cannot enter CD4 = CURE?!

Question 35

Interferons and Ribavirin treat what virus?

Answer 35

Hepatitis C