Antiviral Agents Flashcards
What is the estimated no of adults/children infected with HIV?
~2.3 million
What type of viral infection is influenza?
Acute
What type of viral infection is Measles?
Acute
What type of viral infection is Herpes Simples?
Chronic - with/out recurrences
What type of viral infection is Mumps?
Acute
What type of viral infection is Hep A?
Acute
What type of viral infection is HIV?
Persistent chronic
What type of viral infection is Hep B/C?
Persistent chronic
What type of viral infection is Cytomegalovirus?
Chronic- with/out recurrences
Why is HIV unusual?
It contains Reverse Transcriptase unlike other viruses that use DNA/RNA.
What is a virus made up of?
- Nucleic acid - DNA/RNA
- Protein (coat and enzymes)
- Lipid envelope
- Obligate intracellular parasites
Where can virus proteins ONLY replicate?
Inside a cell.
What is the process of Viral Replication?
1) Attaches to cell receptor
2) Virus uncoats
3) Injects viral RNA/DNA –> viral enzymes
4) Replication
5) Late transcription/translation –> viral structural proteins
6) Virus assembly and release
What are the targets of anti-viral molecular inhibition?
Viral unique proteins.
Where are RNA polymerases not found?
Eukaryotes
What can transcribe DNA polymerase (P) to DNA P?
Eukaryotes and DNA Viruses
What can transcribe DNA polymerase (P) to RNA P?
Eukaryotes and DNA Viruses
What can transcribe RNA Polymerase (P) to RNA P?
RNA Viruses
What can transcribe RNA Polymerase (P) to DNA P?
HIV (Retroviruses) and Hep B.
How does AZT (Azidothymidine) work?
= Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NRTI) - Inhibits HIV Replication.
What are Pyramidine analogues divided into? (End in Vudine)
Cytosine and Thymidine analogues
What are Purine analogues divided into? (End in Vir)
Adenine and Guanine analogues.
What type of analogue is Zidovudine?
Thyrosine
What type of analogue is Lamivudine?
Cytosine
What other virus other than HIV contains Reverse Transcriptase?
Hepatitis B Virus
What NRTI’s are also useful against HBV?
Tenofovir (Purine analogue) and Lamuvidine (Pyrmidine analogue)
What are the advantages of Integrase Inhibitors (HIV)?
They are well tolerated, don’t cause toxicity.
What does HAART stand for?
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
What are the different combinations for HAART?
> 2 NRTIs + 1 NNRTI
> 2 NRTIs + 1 Boosted PI
What is started when CD4 levels fall?
HAART
How long is HAART for?
Life long
What mutation causes Lamivudine resistance in HIV genome?
M184V
What does HIV interact with in order to enter CD4 cells?
CCD5
What is the Delta 32 mutation?
Missing loop on CCD5, HIV cannot enter CD4 = CURE?!
Interferons and Ribavirin treat what virus?
Hepatitis C
