Childhood musculoskeletal conditions Flashcards
Radial head subluxation (nursemaid elbow): cause
Sudden pull on the arm -> immature annular ligament slips over head of radius
Radial head subluxation: other name?
Nursemaid elbow
Nursemaid elbow: other name?
Radial head subluxation
Radial head subluxation (Nursemaid elbow): most common in who?
Children <5 y/o
Radial head subluxation: how does the child hold its arm?
Injured arm held in slighty flexed and pronated position
Osgood-Schlatter Knee: other name?
Traction apophysitis
Traction apophysitis: other name?
Osgood-Schlatter knee
Osgood-Schlatter knee: presentation?
Overuse injury with progressive pain/swelling at the tibial tubercle
Osgood-Schlatter knee: cause?
Repetitive strain (spanning) and chronic avulsion (trekkracht) of the secondary ossification center of the proximal tibial tubercle
What is the tibial tubercle?
The bony bump where the patellar tendon attaches to the tibia (shinbone)
Osgood-Schlatter knee: in who?
Adolescents after growth spurt
Patellofemoral syndrome: what is it?
Overuse injury with anterior knee pain
Patellofemoral syndrome: in who?
Young, female athletes
Patellofemoral syndrome: what causes exacarbation?
Prolonged sitting or weight-bearing on a flexed knee
Pain after prolonged sitting or weight-bearing on a flexed knee: what can it be?
Patellofemoral syndrom
Progressive pain at tibial tubercle, what can it be?
Osgood-Schlatter knee
Developmental dysplasia of the hip: what is it?
Abnormal acetabulum (hip socket) in newborns
Developmental dysplasia of the hip: risk factor?
Breech presentation
Developmental dysplasia of the hip: consequence?
Hip instability and dislocation
Developmental dysplasia of the hip: how to test?
Barlow and ortolani (maneuvers cause a clunk)
Barlow: force it out
Ortolani: put it back in
Development dysplasia of the hip: how to confirm diagnosis?
Ultrasound
X-ray not until 4-6 months because cartilage is not ossified
Hip instability and displacement in newborns, what can it be?
Developmental dysplasia of the hip: abnormal acetabulum
Legg-Calve-Perthes: what is it?
Idiopathic avascular necrosis of femoral head
Legg-Calve-Perthes: in who?
Children between 5-7 years, more common in males (4:1 ratio)
Legg-Calve-Perthes: presentation?
Insidious (gradual but harmful) onset of hip pain that may cause child to limp
Legg-Calve-Perthes: initial x-ray result?
Often normal
Child (mostly male) between 5-7 y/o has gradual hip pain and start to limp, what can it be?
Legg-Calve-Perthes (avascular necrosis of femoral head)
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis: in who?
Obese young adolescents
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis: presentation?
Hip/knee pain and altered gait
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis: pathophysiology?
Increased axial force on femoral head -> epiphysis displaces relative to femoral neck
(like a scoop of ice cream slipping of a cone)
Obese young adult with hip/knee pain and altered gait, what can it be?
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis: how to confirm diagnosis?
x-ray
Greenstick fracture: what is it?
Incomplete fracture extending partway through the width of the bone
Bone bend like a green twig
Greenstick fracture: cause?
Bending stress
Greenstick fracture: which side fractured/intact?
Bending site fractured, compression side intact
Torus fracture: cause
Axial force to immature bone
Torues fracture: which side fractured/intact?
Cortex fractures on compression side
