childhood growth Flashcards

1
Q

what do centile charts tell you?

A
  • height, weight, head circumference, BMI
  • based on surveys of large groups of children
  • age (x-asis), heigh (y-axis)
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2
Q

how would you interpret the 25th centile?

A
  • 25% children will be shorter than 25th centile

- 75% will be taller

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3
Q

how do you attain an accurate measurement?

A
  • well-maintained/accurate equipment
  • position child appropriately
  • get rid of interfering items e.g. shoes off
  • calculate age and plot correctly on chart
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4
Q

what is height velocity?

A

how fast a child is growing in cm/year

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5
Q

what can normal growth be influenced by?

A
  • events before birth: poor foetal growth, LBW
  • medical issues in childhood: malnutrition, chronic disease
  • genetic factors
  • randomness: presence of multiple genes and environment
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6
Q

when is the fastest phases of growth in a child?

A
  • between ages of 0-2 years old
  • another phase of fast growth at puberty
  • skeleton matures as child grows, epiphyses fuse at end of puberty and growth stops
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7
Q

what is the most important hormonal GF? what is it stimulated by? inhibited?

A
  • GH
  • stimulated by GnRH
  • inhibited by SS
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8
Q

what are the effects of GH?

A
  • some direct effects

- secretion of IGF-1 from liver

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9
Q

what is short stature?

A
  • if a child grows slower than normal
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10
Q

what are some of the causes of short stature?

A
  • poor nutrition
  • chronic disease
  • endocrine causes: GH def, TSH/T4 def
  • genetic disorders affecting bone growth (achondroplasia, Turner’s, Down’s)
  • psychological distress and neglect
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11
Q

what are the causes of tall stature?

A
- not normall a concern
causes:
- syndromes of overgrowth e.g. Marfan's
- GH excess from pit tumour
- precocious puberty
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12
Q

define obesity

A
  • BMI > 25kg/m2 is overweight

- BMI > 30kg/m2 is obese

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13
Q

why do people get obese?

A
  • intake vs expenditure
  • very few people have def in leptin
  • some gene variants (e.g. in FTO gene) that affects behaviour and appetite
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