Childhood Exanthems

Question 1

What is a childhood exanthem?

Answer 1

Common widespread rash affecting children

Question 2

What are the childhood exanthems?

Answer 2

1st disease = measles 
2nd disease = scarlet fever
3rd disease = rubella
5th disease = slapped cheek syndrome
6th disease = roseola infantum

Question 3

What organism causes measles?

Answer 3

Spherical RNA virus

Question 4

How is measles spread?

Answer 4

Droplet spread

Question 5

What are the stages of measles?

Answer 5

Prodromal stage

• coryzal features
• conjunctivitis

Rash

Question 6

What are the features of measles?

Answer 6

Fever
Coryzal features
Maculopapular rash - widespread
Koplik spots

Question 7

What are Koplik spots?

Answer 7

WHite spots on buccal mucosa

Question 8

When is measles infectious?

Answer 8

From prodrome to 4 days after rash

Question 9

What is the incubation period for measles?

Answer 9

10-14 days

Question 10

How is measles managed?

Answer 10

Supportive treatment

Notify public health

Question 11

What are complications of measles?

Answer 11

Otitis media
Bronchopneumonia
Stomatitis
Encephalitis

Question 12

How is measles prevented?

Answer 12

MMR vaccine

Question 13

What organism causes scarlet fever?

Answer 13

Group A haemolytic strep

Question 14

What is the common age of scarlet fever presentation?

Answer 14

2-6 years

Question 15

How is scarlet fever spread?

Answer 15

Respiratory inhalation

Question 16

What is the incubation period for scarlet fever?

Answer 16

2-4 days

Question 17

What are the features of scarlet fever?

Answer 17

Fever
Malaise
Headache 
Sore throat
Strawberry tongue 

Rash

• fine punctuate erythema
• spares face, palms, soles

Question 18

How is scarlet fever managed?

Answer 18

Oral penicillin V for 10 days

Question 19

How soon can children return to school with scarlet fever?

Answer 19

24 hours after starting abx

Question 20

What are complications of scarlet fever?

Answer 20

Otitis media
Rheumatic fever
Acute glomerulonephritis

Question 21

What organism causes rubella?

Answer 21

Togavirus

Question 22

What is the incubation period of rubella?

Answer 22

14-21 days

Question 23

When is rubella infectious?

Answer 23

From 7 days before symptoms appear to 4 days after onset of rash

Question 24

What are the features of rubella?

Answer 24

Prodrome
- fever

Rash

• maculopapular
• starts on face

Lymphadenopathy

Question 25

How is rubella managed?

Answer 25

Notify public health

Supportive

Question 26

What are complications of rubella?

Answer 26

Arthritis
Thrombocytopenia
Encephalitis

Question 27

What group is most at risk with rubella?

Answer 27

Pregnant women

Question 28

When in pregnancy is rubella most bad?

Answer 28

First 10 weeks

Question 29

What is the effect of rubella in pregnancy ?

Answer 29

Congenital rubella syndrome

• sensorineural deafness
• cataracts
• heart disease
• growth retardation
• cerebral palsy

Question 30

How is rubella prevented?

Answer 30

MMR vaccine

Question 31

What organism causes slapped cheek syndrome?

Answer 31

Parvovirus B19

Question 32

What is slapped cheek syndrome also known as?

Answer 32

Erythema infectiosum

Fifth disease

Question 33

What are the features of slapped cheek syndrome?

Answer 33

Fever + coryzal features
Bright red cheeks
Maculopapular rash on trunk + arms

Question 34

What is the management of slapped cheek syndrome?

Answer 34

Rest
Fluids
OTC analgesia

Question 35

What organism causes roseola infantum?

Answer 35

Human herpes virus 6

Question 36

What age is typically affected by roseola infantum?

Answer 36

<2 years

Question 37

What is the incubation period of roseola infantum?

Answer 37

5-15 days

Question 38

What are the features of roseola infantum?

Answer 38

High fever
Sore throat
Maculopapular rash
Nagayama spots

Question 39

What are Nagayama spots?

Answer 39

Papular enanthem on uvula + soft palate

Question 40

What is the management of roseola infantum?

Answer 40

Supportive