Childhood Exanthems Flashcards
What is a childhood exanthem?
Common widespread rash affecting children
What are the childhood exanthems?
1st disease = measles 2nd disease = scarlet fever 3rd disease = rubella 5th disease = slapped cheek syndrome 6th disease = roseola infantum
What organism causes measles?
Spherical RNA virus
How is measles spread?
Droplet spread
What are the stages of measles?
Prodromal stage
- coryzal features
- conjunctivitis
Rash
What are the features of measles?
Fever
Coryzal features
Maculopapular rash - widespread
Koplik spots
What are Koplik spots?
WHite spots on buccal mucosa
When is measles infectious?
From prodrome to 4 days after rash
What is the incubation period for measles?
10-14 days
How is measles managed?
Supportive treatment
Notify public health
What are complications of measles?
Otitis media
Bronchopneumonia
Stomatitis
Encephalitis
How is measles prevented?
MMR vaccine
What organism causes scarlet fever?
Group A haemolytic strep
What is the common age of scarlet fever presentation?
2-6 years
How is scarlet fever spread?
Respiratory inhalation
What is the incubation period for scarlet fever?
2-4 days
What are the features of scarlet fever?
Fever Malaise Headache Sore throat Strawberry tongue
Rash
- fine punctuate erythema
- spares face, palms, soles
How is scarlet fever managed?
Oral penicillin V for 10 days
How soon can children return to school with scarlet fever?
24 hours after starting abx
What are complications of scarlet fever?
Otitis media
Rheumatic fever
Acute glomerulonephritis
What organism causes rubella?
Togavirus
What is the incubation period of rubella?
14-21 days
When is rubella infectious?
From 7 days before symptoms appear to 4 days after onset of rash
What are the features of rubella?
Prodrome
- fever
Rash
- maculopapular
- starts on face
Lymphadenopathy
How is rubella managed?
Notify public health
Supportive
What are complications of rubella?
Arthritis
Thrombocytopenia
Encephalitis
What group is most at risk with rubella?
Pregnant women
When in pregnancy is rubella most bad?
First 10 weeks
What is the effect of rubella in pregnancy ?
Congenital rubella syndrome
- sensorineural deafness
- cataracts
- heart disease
- growth retardation
- cerebral palsy
How is rubella prevented?
MMR vaccine
What organism causes slapped cheek syndrome?
Parvovirus B19
What is slapped cheek syndrome also known as?
Erythema infectiosum
Fifth disease
What are the features of slapped cheek syndrome?
Fever + coryzal features
Bright red cheeks
Maculopapular rash on trunk + arms
What is the management of slapped cheek syndrome?
Rest
Fluids
OTC analgesia
What organism causes roseola infantum?
Human herpes virus 6
What age is typically affected by roseola infantum?
<2 years
What is the incubation period of roseola infantum?
5-15 days
What are the features of roseola infantum?
High fever
Sore throat
Maculopapular rash
Nagayama spots
What are Nagayama spots?
Papular enanthem on uvula + soft palate
What is the management of roseola infantum?
Supportive
