Childhood disease Flashcards
what virus causes chickenpox?
varicella zoster
how does varicella zoster spread?
what is the incubation period?
what % of cases are subclinical?
highly contagious - droplet/airborne route
14-21 days
what are the features of chicken pox?
ulcers - yellow/blister like rash - papules, vesicles, pustules, scabs cervical lymphadenitis fever malaise, irritable, anorexia
how long does it take to recover from chicken pox?
2-3weeks
where are herpetic lesions found in the mouth?
attached gingivae
keratinised areas
e.g hard palate
where are apthous ulcers found in the mouth?
non keratinised areas
what disease can varicella zoster cause in adults?
what nerve can it affect?
what is the condition associated with?
shinges
affects trigeminal nerve
associated with immunodefiency
what are signs of shingles?
pain
rash - unilateral vesicles then scabbing
mandibular zoster/maxillary zoster
what is a complication of shingles?
ramsay hunt syndrome
geniculate zoster - rash in ear, facial palsy, ulcers on ipsilateral soft palate
how is shingles treated?
aciclovir
analgesics
what is primary herpetic gingivostomatitis?
HSV1 oral disease
what are features of PHG?
fever/malaise
cervical lymphadenopathy
what is the appearance of the gingivae with PHG?
painful erythematous and swollen gingiva and mulptile tiny vesicles on perioral skin, vermillion upper border of the lip and oral mucosa
when is PHG commonly seen?
what can it be mistaken for?
how is it treated?
how long do lesions take to heal?
6months to 6 years
teething
symptomatic treatment
1-2 weeks
what are some complications of PHG?
recurrent secondary infections: herpes labialis - coldsores intra oral ulceration herpetic whitlow secondary eye infection
what is hand foot and mouth disease caused by?
coxsackie A virus
when does HFM disease occur?
what are the features?
occurs in epidemics in kids
what is mumps?
what can it be mistaken for?
viral infection of salivary glands
can be mistaken for obstrucive/bacterial sialdenitits
what is the imcubation period for mumps?
what are some features of mumps?
14-21 days
painful swelling
bilateral swelling of parotid glands
what is measles?
highly contagious
systemic symptoms and a skin rash
what is the incubation period of measles?
10-14 days
what is there a high risk of with measles?
bacterial complications
what are koplicks spots found in measles?
stay for life
small red macules with necrotic white centres on the buccal mucosa
what is rubella?
highly infectious viral infection caused by droplets
what is the incubation period of rubella?
what are some features?
14-21 days
rash on face, behind ears, mild fever, sore throat, enlarged lymph nodes
can damage/kill a foetus
what is herpangia?
coxsackie A virus
vesicles on soft palate, malaise, sore throat, hard to swallow
resolves in a week
what can febrile illnesses cause?
enamel hypoplasia
what is enamel hypoplasia?
incomplete/defective formation of enamel = alteration of tooth form or colour
what causes enamel hypoplasia?
disturbance or damage of the ameloblasts during enamel matrix formation
can enamel hypoplasia affect both dentitions?
yes
what illnesses can cause enamel hypoplasia?
chickenpox
measles
what part of the teeth are affected?
only the crowns of developing teeth during illness
what teeth does enamel hypoplasia commonly affect?
central incisors
laterals
1st molars
what is the appearance of enamel hypoplasia?
horizontal rows of pits transversing the tooth surface
what does the severity of hypoplasia vary with?
severity and extent of damage to ameloblasts
