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Paeds > Childhood disease > Flashcards

Childhood disease Flashcards

1
Q

what virus causes chickenpox?

A

varicella zoster

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2
Q

how does varicella zoster spread?
what is the incubation period?
what % of cases are subclinical?

A

highly contagious - droplet/airborne route

14-21 days

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3
Q

what are the features of chicken pox?

A 
ulcers - yellow/blister like
rash - papules, vesicles, pustules, scabs
cervical lymphadenitis
fever
malaise, irritable, anorexia
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4
Q

how long does it take to recover from chicken pox?

A

2-3weeks

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5
Q

where are herpetic lesions found in the mouth?

A

attached gingivae
keratinised areas
e.g hard palate

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6
Q

where are apthous ulcers found in the mouth?

A

non keratinised areas

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7
Q

what disease can varicella zoster cause in adults?
what nerve can it affect?
what is the condition associated with?

A

shinges
affects trigeminal nerve
associated with immunodefiency

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8
Q

what are signs of shingles?

A

pain
rash - unilateral vesicles then scabbing
mandibular zoster/maxillary zoster

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9
Q

what is a complication of shingles?

A

ramsay hunt syndrome

geniculate zoster - rash in ear, facial palsy, ulcers on ipsilateral soft palate

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10
Q

how is shingles treated?

A

aciclovir

analgesics

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11
Q

what is primary herpetic gingivostomatitis?

A

HSV1 oral disease

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12
Q

what are features of PHG?

A

fever/malaise

cervical lymphadenopathy

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13
Q

what is the appearance of the gingivae with PHG?

A

painful erythematous and swollen gingiva and mulptile tiny vesicles on perioral skin, vermillion upper border of the lip and oral mucosa

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14
Q

when is PHG commonly seen?
what can it be mistaken for?
how is it treated?
how long do lesions take to heal?

A

6months to 6 years
teething
symptomatic treatment
1-2 weeks

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15
Q

what are some complications of PHG?

A 
recurrent secondary infections:
herpes labialis - coldsores
intra oral ulceration
herpetic whitlow
secondary eye infection
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16
Q

what is hand foot and mouth disease caused by?

A

coxsackie A virus

17
Q

when does HFM disease occur?

what are the features?

A

occurs in epidemics in kids

18
Q

what is mumps?

what can it be mistaken for?

A

viral infection of salivary glands

can be mistaken for obstrucive/bacterial sialdenitits

19
Q

what is the imcubation period for mumps?

what are some features of mumps?

A

14-21 days
painful swelling
bilateral swelling of parotid glands

20
Q

what is measles?

A

highly contagious

systemic symptoms and a skin rash

21
Q

what is the incubation period of measles?

A

10-14 days

22
Q

what is there a high risk of with measles?

A

bacterial complications

23
Q

what are koplicks spots found in measles?

A

stay for life

small red macules with necrotic white centres on the buccal mucosa

24
Q

what is rubella?

A

highly infectious viral infection caused by droplets

25
Q

what is the incubation period of rubella?

what are some features?

A

14-21 days
rash on face, behind ears, mild fever, sore throat, enlarged lymph nodes
can damage/kill a foetus

26
Q

what is herpangia?

A

coxsackie A virus
vesicles on soft palate, malaise, sore throat, hard to swallow
resolves in a week

27
Q

what can febrile illnesses cause?

A

enamel hypoplasia

28
Q

what is enamel hypoplasia?

A

incomplete/defective formation of enamel = alteration of tooth form or colour

29
Q

what causes enamel hypoplasia?

A

disturbance or damage of the ameloblasts during enamel matrix formation

30
Q

can enamel hypoplasia affect both dentitions?

A

yes

31
Q

what illnesses can cause enamel hypoplasia?

A

chickenpox

measles

32
Q

what part of the teeth are affected?

A

only the crowns of developing teeth during illness

33
Q

what teeth does enamel hypoplasia commonly affect?

A

central incisors
laterals
1st molars

34
Q

what is the appearance of enamel hypoplasia?

A

horizontal rows of pits transversing the tooth surface

35
Q

what does the severity of hypoplasia vary with?

A

severity and extent of damage to ameloblasts

Paeds (13 decks)

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