Childhood Developmental Diseases and Autism

Question 1

What is the prevalence of ADHD?

Answer 1

3-5% of preschool and school aged children

Question 2

What is the importance of recognizing that ADHD affects a child’s behavior across a variety of settings (as opposed to only one place- school/church)

Answer 2

If the symptoms only occur at a specific location, there is likely a different etiology to the behavioral issues

Question 3

Are boys or girls more at risk for ADHD?

Answer 3

BOYS

10:1

Question 4

What are the three main symptoms of ADHD?

Answer 4

Inattention, hyperactive, impulsive

Question 5

ADHD is associated with altered levels of which neurotransmitter?

Answer 5

Dopamine levels are LOWERED

Question 6

WHich stimulants are used in the treatment of ADHD?

Answer 6

methylphenidate (ritalin)

Question 7

Which non-stimulants are used in the treatment of ADHD?

Answer 7

atomoxetine

Question 8

Name three co-morbid diagonsis commonly associated with ADHD

Answer 8

Oppositional defiant disorder
Conduct disorder
Bipolar disorder

Question 9

Name two similarities between ADHD and bipolar disorder

Answer 9

Distractibility
Increased energy (bipolar- decreased need for sleep)

Question 10

Name a few traits that are unique to bipolar disorder (as opposed to ADHD)

Answer 10

mood swings/trouble regulating emotions, flight of ideas, decreased need for sleep, bursts of energy, hypersexuality

Question 11

Name traits of oppositional defiance disorder (as compared to ADHD)

Answer 11

Loses temper, argues with adults, hostile, defiant behavior towards adults, blames others for their own mistakes, annoys people deliberately, touchy/easily annoyed by other people, spiteful/vindictive, pattern of anger-guided disobedience

Question 12

Describe the type of tics that occur with tourettes

Answer 12

MULTIPLE motor and vocal tics

Question 13

How long must a tic exist before tourettes is diagnosed

Answer 13

> 1

Question 14

Are tics simple or complex?

Answer 14

They can be either- either simple, rapid, repetitive contractions, or complex

Question 15

WHat is the mean age of onset of Tourette’s?

Answer 15

Mean age is 7

Must be less than 18 years old

Question 16

Are boys or girls more at risk for tourettes?

Answer 16

Boys (3:1)

Question 17

Which neurotransmitter level is altered in tourettes?

Answer 17

Associated with increased levels of dopamine

Question 18

Tourettes is associated with what two other psych disorders?

Answer 18

ADHD and OCD

Question 19

What three drugs are used in the treatment of tourettes?

Answer 19

Haloperidol, clonidine, pimozide

Question 20

What are the prevalence rates of anxiety disorders?

Answer 20

High: 6-20%

Question 21

How does a separation anxiety disorder manifest?

Answer 21

CONSTANT thoughts, intense fears about safety of parents

Question 22

What is therapy modification based on classical conditioning?

Answer 22

systematic desensitization

Question 23

WHat is therapy modification based on operant conditioning?

Answer 23

Biofeedback - using external feedback to modify internal physiological states

Question 24

How big of a problem is suicide in young adults?

Answer 24

Suicide is the 3rd leading cause of death in youth 15-24

Question 25

What is the link between mental illness and suicide?

Answer 25

90% of children and adolescents who die by suicide have a mental illness

Question 26

How are inflammatory/chronic health problems related to childhood mental illness?

Answer 26

Children with behavioral problems are more at risk of inflammation and chronic heart problems

Question 27

We are mandated reporters for children up to what age?

Answer 27

18

Question 28

What type of burns are a red-flag for child abuse?

Answer 28

Non-accidental burns (not on hands or arms...up to a line etc)

Question 29

What childhood population is especially at risk for chidl abuse/

Answer 29

Children with intellectual disabilities

Question 30

What age are most children who are sexually abused?

Answer 30

9-12 years

Question 31

What is the most common known cause for intellectual disability?

Answer 31

Fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 32

What are the two most common genetic causes of intellectual disability?

Answer 32

Down syndrome | Fragile X syndrome

Question 33

By what age is autism diagnosed?

Answer 33

Before age 3

Question 34

Are boys or girls more at risk for developing autism?

Answer 34

Males > females (4:1)

Question 35

Defects on what two chromosomes are associated with autism?

Answer 35

15, 11

Question 36

80% of kids with autism have a IQ below what?

Answer 36

70

Question 37

How is separation anxiety affected by autism?

Answer 37

There is NO separation anxiety with ASD

Question 38

How do children with ASD respond to touch?

Answer 38

THey shrink from touch

Question 39

Are boys or girls more at risk for Rett syndrome?

Answer 39

Girls are more at risk

Question 40

What is the clinical progression of Rett syndrome?

Answer 40

Initial development is normal, followed by Regression

Question 41

What is the age of onset of Rett syndrome?

Answer 41

6-18 months

Question 42

Describe the hands and feet of someone with Rett syndrome

Answer 42

Small hands and feet, stereotyped, wringing hand movements

Question 43

What drug is commonly prescribed for ASD?

Answer 43

Risperidone

Question 44

What type of therapy modification is shaping?

Answer 44

Therapy modification based on operant conditioning

Question 45

What is shaping?

Answer 45

Reinforcing successive approximations- Reward boy for speaking with candy- keep the target moving