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Psychology- MHD > Childhood Developmental Diseases and Autism > Flashcards

Childhood Developmental Diseases and Autism Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the prevalence of ADHD?

A

3-5% of preschool and school aged children

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2
Q

What is the importance of recognizing that ADHD affects a child’s behavior across a variety of settings (as opposed to only one place- school/church)

A

If the symptoms only occur at a specific location, there is likely a different etiology to the behavioral issues

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3
Q

Are boys or girls more at risk for ADHD?

A

BOYS

10:1

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4
Q

What are the three main symptoms of ADHD?

A

Inattention, hyperactive, impulsive

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5
Q

ADHD is associated with altered levels of which neurotransmitter?

A

Dopamine levels are LOWERED

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6
Q

WHich stimulants are used in the treatment of ADHD?

A

methylphenidate (ritalin)

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7
Q

Which non-stimulants are used in the treatment of ADHD?

A

atomoxetine

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8
Q

Name three co-morbid diagonsis commonly associated with ADHD

A

Oppositional defiant disorder
Conduct disorder
Bipolar disorder

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9
Q

Name two similarities between ADHD and bipolar disorder

A 
Distractibility
Increased energy (bipolar- decreased need for sleep)
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10
Q

Name a few traits that are unique to bipolar disorder (as opposed to ADHD)

A

mood swings/trouble regulating emotions, flight of ideas, decreased need for sleep, bursts of energy, hypersexuality

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11
Q

Name traits of oppositional defiance disorder (as compared to ADHD)

A

Loses temper, argues with adults, hostile, defiant behavior towards adults, blames others for their own mistakes, annoys people deliberately, touchy/easily annoyed by other people, spiteful/vindictive, pattern of anger-guided disobedience

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12
Q

Describe the type of tics that occur with tourettes

A

MULTIPLE motor and vocal tics

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13
Q

How long must a tic exist before tourettes is diagnosed

A

> 1

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14
Q

Are tics simple or complex?

A

They can be either- either simple, rapid, repetitive contractions, or complex

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15
Q

WHat is the mean age of onset of Tourette’s?

A

Mean age is 7

Must be less than 18 years old

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16
Q

Are boys or girls more at risk for tourettes?

A

Boys (3:1)

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17
Q

Which neurotransmitter level is altered in tourettes?

A

Associated with increased levels of dopamine

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18
Q

Tourettes is associated with what two other psych disorders?

A

ADHD and OCD

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19
Q

What three drugs are used in the treatment of tourettes?

A

Haloperidol, clonidine, pimozide

20
Q

What are the prevalence rates of anxiety disorders?

A

High: 6-20%

21
Q

How does a separation anxiety disorder manifest?

A

CONSTANT thoughts, intense fears about safety of parents

22
Q

What is therapy modification based on classical conditioning?

A

systematic desensitization

23
Q

WHat is therapy modification based on operant conditioning?

A

Biofeedback - using external feedback to modify internal physiological states

24
Q

How big of a problem is suicide in young adults?

A

Suicide is the 3rd leading cause of death in youth 15-24

25
Q

What is the link between mental illness and suicide?

A

90% of children and adolescents who die by suicide have a mental illness

26
Q

How are inflammatory/chronic health problems related to childhood mental illness?

A

Children with behavioral problems are more at risk of inflammation and chronic heart problems

27
Q

We are mandated reporters for children up to what age?

A

18

28
Q

What type of burns are a red-flag for child abuse?

A

Non-accidental burns (not on hands or arms…up to a line etc)

29
Q

What childhood population is especially at risk for chidl abuse/

A

Children with intellectual disabilities

30
Q

What age are most children who are sexually abused?

A

9-12 years

31
Q

What is the most common known cause for intellectual disability?

A

Fetal alcohol syndrome

32
Q

What are the two most common genetic causes of intellectual disability?

A

Down syndrome

Fragile X syndrome

33
Q

By what age is autism diagnosed?

A

Before age 3

34
Q

Are boys or girls more at risk for developing autism?

A

Males > females (4:1)

35
Q

Defects on what two chromosomes are associated with autism?

A

15, 11

36
Q

80% of kids with autism have a IQ below what?

A

70

37
Q

How is separation anxiety affected by autism?

A

There is NO separation anxiety with ASD

38
Q

How do children with ASD respond to touch?

A

THey shrink from touch

39
Q

Are boys or girls more at risk for Rett syndrome?

A

Girls are more at risk

40
Q

What is the clinical progression of Rett syndrome?

A

Initial development is normal, followed by Regression

41
Q

What is the age of onset of Rett syndrome?

A

6-18 months

42
Q

Describe the hands and feet of someone with Rett syndrome

A

Small hands and feet, stereotyped, wringing hand movements

43
Q

What drug is commonly prescribed for ASD?

A

Risperidone

44
Q

What type of therapy modification is shaping?

A

Therapy modification based on operant conditioning

45
Q

What is shaping?

A

Reinforcing successive approximations-

Reward boy for speaking with candy- keep the target moving

Psychology- MHD (14 decks)

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