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Psychology- MHD > Anxiety Disorders > Flashcards

Anxiety Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the most common mental disorder in the united states?

A

Anxiety disorders

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2
Q

What is the epidemiology of anxiety disorders?

A

nearly 1 in 5 have a disorder

Females to males are 2:1 (30%:19%)

Highly treatable, but only 1/3 receive treatment

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3
Q

What are 4 categories to consider what makes anxiety pathologic?

A

Autonomy- if it happens without provocation
Intensity- disproportionate to stressor
Duration- longer than expected
Behavior- coping strategies are not enough

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4
Q

Name 5 neurotransmitters involved in anxiety

A 
Serotonin
NE
GABA
Glutamate
Dopamine
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5
Q

What symptoms are necessary for the diagnosis of a panic attack?

A

4 or more of the PANICS symptoms

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6
Q

Define panic disorder

A

Recurrent, unexpected panic attacks without an identifiable trigger

At least one of the attacks was followed by a month or more of the following: anticipatory anxiety, significant, maladaptive change in behavior

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7
Q

Is there a genetic component to panic attacks/panic disorder?

A

Mild genetic component

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8
Q

What are the two most commonly associated anxiety-related comorbidities with anxiety disorder?

A

1st: agoraphobia
2nd: GAD

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9
Q

What is the most common non-anxiety disorder associated with panic disorder?

A

MDD

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10
Q

Describe the theory behind panic disorder

A

Neurocircuitry theorizes that panic disorder is caused by abnormally sensitive fear network, centered in the amygdala

GABA, serotonin and NE implicated

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11
Q

What are the first line treatments for panic disorder?

A

SSRIs, SNRIs

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12
Q

What are the second line treatments for panic disorder?

A

TCAs, MAOs

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13
Q

What is a good bridging therapy for panic disorder when prescribing SSRIs?

A

benzodiazepines

While waiting for the antidepressant effect to kick in, also treat with benzodiazepines

Cognitive behavioral therapy is also indicated

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14
Q

What are the criteria for anxiety?

A

Marked fear/anxiety over 2+ of the following situations

  • Using public transport
  • Being in enclosed spaces
  • Being outside of the home alone
  • Being in open spaces
  • Standing in line/being in a crowd

Fear, anxiety or avoidance > 6 months

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15
Q

What is the primary treatment for agoraphobia?

A

Systematic desensitization

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16
Q

What drugs can be used in the treatment of agoraphobia?

A

Antidepressants; SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs

+/- short term benzo use

17
Q

Rank GAD, specific phobias and social anxiety in order of most common to least common

A

Specific phobia > social anxiety > GAD

18
Q

in general, nearly all anxiety disorders occur more commonly in females than males. Which specific anxieties are an exception?

A

Blood, injection and injury

M=F

19
Q

Panic disorders, agoraphobia and GAD are treated with antidepressants, CBT and benzos. Which one can also be treated with buspirone?

A

GAD

20
Q

Which anxiety disorder is treated with propranolol in place of benzos?

A

Social phobias

-Think of a beta blocker being prescribed before giving a presentation

21
Q

When you think of buspirone, what disorder do you think of?

A

GAD

22
Q

What is the epidemiology of selective mutism?

A

M=F
<5 years old
Mostly outgrown

23
Q

What are the big 3 psychiatric comorbidities?

A
  • Other anxiety disorders
  • Depression
  • Substance abuse
24
Q

What is the main difference between acute stress disorder and PSTD?

A

Timing
ASD is between 3 days and 1 month
PTSD is 1 month after the traumatic event occured

25
Q

Which gender is more likely to develop a substance abuse disorder in addition to another anxiety disorder?

A

Men

26
Q

What is the value of using benzodiazepines in the treatment of PTSD?

A

None- you’re better off without it

27
Q

Name a commonly tested comorbidity associated with OCD

A

Tic disorders

80% of kids with tourettes have OCD

28
Q

What is the first line treatment for OCD?

A

High dose SSRIs

29
Q

What is the second line treatment for OCD?

A

Venlafaxine, clomipramine, CBT- especially exposure therapy

Augment with Rispiridone

30
Q

What is the role of the amygdala in anxiety?

A

Anxiety circuits: the amygdala centered circuit allows for fear, panic, phobia

31
Q

What is the role of the cortico- striatal- thalamic - cortical circuit responsible for in anxiety disorders?

A

worry, anxious misery, apprehension, expectations, obsessions

32
Q

Which cluster of personality traits are most commonly co-morbid with panic disorders?

A

Cluster C- avoidant, dependent, obsessive compulsive

33
Q

Is agoraphobia a stand-alone disorder?

A

no- the majority of people have other mental disorders which usually precede the onset of agoraphobia

34
Q

Do most patients with a specific phobia have one or more specific phobias?

A

75% have >1 specific phobia

35
Q

What is the most prevalent anxiety disorder in children <12 years old?

A

Separation anxiety disorder

Psychology- MHD (14 decks)

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