Childhood developmental behavior Flashcards
1
Q
Definition of short stature?
Differential?
A
- past age 2 yrs: ht below 2.3%
- goal: diff b/t benign and pathological etiologies
differential:
- familial short stature
- constitutional growth delay
- turner syndrome
- inflamm bowel disease or some systemic disease: malnutrition
- growth hormone deficiency
2
Q
Dx approach for short stature pt?
A
- thorough H & P! Always!!
- look at growth curve velocity on growth chart
- use formula using parents ht to determine child’s adult ht
- bone age determination
3
Q
Calc of child’s ht by parents’ heights?
A
- add parents hts together in inches
- divide by 2
- for boys add 2.5 inches
- girls: subtract 2.5 inches
- rough approximate
4
Q
Benign short stature etiologies?
A
familial short stature:
- bone age same as child’s age
- hx of one or both parents being short
- genetic: will be short adult
constitutional growth delay:
- bone age is less than child’s age - plot ht at bone age and is usually more in normal range
- usually have delayed puberty and longer period of growth, end result is normal adult ht
5
Q
Most impt first step in newborn’s life?
A
- bonding with his/her caregivers
- infant hasn’t learned he/she is separate from caretakers
- physical contact with mother or father represents protection to the baby (birth - 4 mos)
- babies deprived of care are more irritable, more easily startled and fussier throughout infancy than babies who have known mothering
- CAN’T spoil an infant!!
6
Q
Bonding/attachment problems?
A
- mother ill b/c of complications or chronic probs
- single parent-increased stress
- no outside support for parents
- post-partum blues, depression or psychosis
- marital stress
- abuse
- not having wanted baby from the beginning
- too much support around: family and friends
7
Q
Temper tantrums occurence?
A
- typical behavior in 2-4 yos
- consists of whining, screaming, crying and throwing one’s self on the floor
- usually to do with frustration: learning how to communicate
- easily overwhelmed - used to schedules
- may be overtired
- they want their own way
8
Q
4 goals of misbehavior?
A
- attention
- power
- revenge
- display of inadequacy
9
Q
Temper tantrums advice for parents?
A
- try to avoid putting the child in situations where they are tired and exposed to a lot of stimulating activity
- give them easy choices b/t 2 things
- ignore tantrum unless they are harm to themselves
- distract them
- warn them of consequences
- don’t hit or spank them
- after it is over give them hug and tell them you love them
- always consider mental health of parent, behavioral problems much more common in children of depressed mothers
- encourage teaching prosocial behavior and empathy
- educate parents about reinforcing the positives
10
Q
When to seek help with tantrum throwing children?
A
- parent is uncomfortable with their response or their feelings (parent needs to remain calm)
- parent keeps giving in when the tantrum is over something the child wants
- tantrums arouse a lot of bad feelings
- they are increasing in frequency, intensity, or duration
- child frequently hurts himself or others
- child is destructive
- child displsays mood disorders: negativity, low self-esteem or extreme dependence
11
Q
Potential underlying problems - TT?
A
- hearing or vision probs
- chronic illness
- language delay
- learning disability
12
Q
What is considered abnormal aggressiveness? What does future look like for these kids?
A
- chronic aggressiveness in 5 yos and up
- odds are very high that they will experience repeated failure in school
- life will be frustrating and disappointing
- they may inflict a great deal of emotional and physical pain upon others
- studies show that potentially long term aggressive behavior can very accurately be ID in kids as young as 3-4
- antisocial behavior can continue into adulthood if no intervention by 3rd grade
- early intervention in homes, school, and communities i key to preventing kids from becoming violent teens/adults
13
Q
Prevention of children becoming overly aggressive?
A
- limit exposure to tv and videos
- intervene as early in child’s life as possible
- intervention begun at early age shows that success in preventing long term violent behavior is high
- if child 9-10 is still chronically aggressive odds of successful intervention low
- consult with medical and mental health professionals
14
Q
Possible causes of aggressive behavior?
A
- poor parenting
- trauma in form of abuse or neglect
- brain damage: closed head injury, lack of O2 during birth or prenatal exposure to drugs/toxins
- genetic abnormalities
- other health probs
- marital problems resulting in family instability
- observation of aggression at school or at home
15
Q
Strong warning signs of overly aggressive child?
A
- cruelty to animals
- fire starting
- sexualized behavior
- aggressive behavior outside norm: threats, breaking things, throwing things or hurting others
- self-injury: head banging, cutting, substance abuse
- extreme non-compliance
- lack of behavior change despite consistent consequences
- evidence of psychosis (hearing or seeing things - hallucinations)
- lack of remorse or empathy for other people’s feelings
16
Q
Possible reasons for biting?
A
- relieve pain from teething
- experience sensation of biting
- satisfy need for oral-motor stimulation
- imitate other kids or adults
- get attention
- act in self-defense
- communicate needs and desires: hunger or fatigue
- communicate feelings: frustration, anger, confusion or fear
